Fazio has shown that repeated attitude expressions increase the accessibility of the attitude. Increases in accessibility in turn lead to greater attitude-behavior consistency. The present work examines the effects of repeated expressions on attitude extremity. In the 1st study, it is shown that repeated expressions increase extremity when the expressions involve only judgments of attitude valence. In the 2nd study, a similar effect of repeated expressions on extremity is shown when the expressions are given orally, unconstrained by any particular response format. The 3rd study examines a possible mechanism for the effect of repeated expressions on extremity that is based on an associative learning model in which the repeated rehearsal of a response to an object leads to more extreme judgments. The relations between attitude extremity and accessibility and their roles in moderating the attitude-behavior relationship are discussed.

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This exploratory investigation examined the structural mechanism accounting for the enhanced compressive properties of heat-treated Kevlar-29 fibers. A novel theory was set forth that hydrogen-bond disruption and concurrent misorientation of crystallites may account for the observed augmentation of compressive properties. To examine the said theory, as-received Kevlar-29 fibers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry in an effort to determine if crosslinking and/or hydrogen-bond disruption was responsible for the improved behavior in compression. Additionally, Kevlar-29 fibers that had been exposed to treatment temperatures of 400, 440, and 470°C were profiled by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry to determine if crosslinking and/or hydrogen-bond obfuscation had been promoted. The results indicate that both mechanistic changes occurred within the Kevlar-29, albeit in different regions of the rigidrod polymer. In particular, heat treatment of poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide appears to have resulted in crosslinking of its skin region and hydrogen-bond disruption within the core realm.

The development of consistency between political attitudes among those who are relatively expert in the political domain is presumed to follow from the fact that such individuals think about political issues frequently and do so in a relatively systematic or principled manner. We conducted a study to examine this hypothesis, varying the frequency with which subjects thought about the implications between pairs of issues. We then examined whether within-subject correlations between subsequently generated judgments of where various political candidates were located on the issue pairs increased as the pairs' implications were judged more frequently. As expected, we found that candidate inferences on issues were more predictable between issue pairs the more frequently expert subjects had thought about the implications between those issue pairs. Less-expert subjects showed no effect of frequency of thought about implications between pairs of issues. Procedural learning in making issue implication judgments was manifested by all subjects and was not related to subjects' expertise. However, procedural learning translated into larger correlations between candidate inferences only among expert subjects. This suggests that these subjects refer to underlying ideo logical knowledge about these issues in making their issue implication judgments and that this practice is responsible for larger correlations between issues on subsequently generated candidate inferences.In a recent chapter, Judd and Krosnick (1989) examined the accumulated literature from social psychology and political science concerning the determinants of consistency among political attitudes. In this literature there have been repeated arguments and empirical demonstrations that expertise in the political domain is a primary determinant of attitude consistency (

Sediment quality within San Diego Bay, Mission Bay, and the Tijuana River Estuary of California was investigated as part of an ongoing statewide monitoring effort (Bay Protection and Toxic Cleanup Program). Study objectives were to determine the incidence, spatial patterns, and spatial extent of toxicity in sediments and porewater; the concentration and distribution of potentially toxic anthropogenic chemicals; and the relationships between toxicity and chemical concentrations. Rhepoxynius abronius survival bioassays, grain size, and total organic carbon analyses were performed on 350 sediment samples. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus development bioassays were performed on 164 pore‐water samples. Toxicity was demonstrated throughout the San Diego Bay region, with increased incidence and concordance occurring in areas of industrial and shipping activity. Trace metal and trace synthetic organic analyses were performed on 229 samples. Copper, zinc, mercury, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlordane were found to exceed ERM (effects range median) or PEL (probable effects level) sediment quality guidelines and were considered the six major chemicals or chemical groups of concern. Statistical analysis of the relationships between amphipod toxicity, bulk phase sediment chemistry, and physical parameters demonstrated few significant linear relationships. Significant differences in chemical levels were found between toxic and nontoxic responses using multivariate and univariate statistics. Potential sources of anthropogenic chemicals were discussed.