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Stability, reliability, efficiency, and dependability necessitate a higher performance feature-based system in Ethernet LAN to meet the prevalent emergent technology of 5G and beyond 5G in the domain of networking. LAN technology has experienced the most progression since it came to reality. Despite its ability to achieve promising performance, the technology still keeps some topology characteristics that have a greater influence on its performance. This paper, therefore, addresses the high packet loss experienced in bus topology by investigating the performance of bus topology in four practical scenarios consisting of 10, 20, 30, and 40 nodes. In some applications, traffic was cautiously selected and configured in the application configuration to generate traffic for the modeling. These include HTTP, FTP, email, and databases before they were finally defined in the profile configuration. Substantial global and object statistics such as delay (sec), traffic-sent (bits/sec), traffic-received (bits/sec) for global, and throughput (bits/sec) for global were considered as network metrics for simulation in the OPNET environment. The results obtained proved that as the number of nodes increased, more traffic (bits/sec) were sent and received, more messages were delivered (bits/sec), the delay (sec) was lowered, but greater bit errors per packet were experienced in the network, thus making the bus topology not very suitable for a larger network.

ZigBee technology adaptation and use is an emerging wireless communication technology with low power consumption and long battery life. These technology applications include controlling industrial systems, automating home systems, embedded sensing, and many more. Due to ZigBee's low bit rate and low transmission rate, it is necessary to investigate how ZigBee will perform in a heterogeneous situation using a simulation approach. This paper goes on to describe the design and modelling of mobile ZigBee networks with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 nodes to evaluate and compare the performance of this wireless sensor network for star topology networks over time. For the resourceful operation of WSN, mobile ZigBee networks with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25-star topologies were considered. Certain network parameters such as throughput (bits/sec), delay (sec), end-to-end delay (sec), traffic sent (bits/sec), and traffic received (bits/sec) were explored and compared for smooth WSN operation when ZigBee communication protocol was used and modelled with the OPNET simulator. After evaluating all of the required parameters for various scenarios, an acceptable result was obtained for the mobile ZigBee WSN.