Problem statement:This study presented the modeling and control of a stand-alone Photovoltaic (PV) system using the state-space averaging technique. Approach: The PV module was modeled based on the parameters obtained from a commercial PV data sheet while state-space method is used to model the power converter. A DC-DC boost converter was chosen to step up the input DC voltage of the PV module while the DC-AC single-phase full-bridge square-wave inverter was chosen to convert the input DC comes from boost converter into AC element. The integrated state-space model was simulated under a constant and a variable change of solar irradiance and temperature. In addition to that, maximum power point tracking method was also included in the model to ensure that optimum use of PV module is made. A circuitry simulation was performed under the similar test conditions in order to validate the state-space model. Results: Results showed that the state-space averaging model yields the similar performance as produced by the circuitry simulation in terms of the voltage, current and power generated. Conclusion/Recommendations: The state-space averaging technique is simple to be implemented in modeling and control of either simple or complex system, which yields the similar performance as the results from circuitry method.

The Green Building Index (GBI) is one of rating tool which are provides a prospect for building developers and owners for designing and constructing a green and sustainable buildings. The proposed low cost GBI buildings provide many advantages such as energy savings, water savings, a healthier indoor environment, and better connectivity to public transport. Besides, adoption of recycling and greenery for the projects and can reduce the impact on the environment. However, the implementation to certify as Green Building Index has a lot of concerns such as cost constraint, know how constraints and etc. Therefore, in this paper, the design and development of low cost certified green building by fulfilling the Green Building Index (GBI) is proposed in order to ease the development of green building to have better life for human and environment in this world in term of energy efficiency performances.

The impermanence changing of the climates that cause many natural disasters these days has raised the attention of us about the importance of greening towards our planet. The building sector has been verified as the major part of the global solutions. Hence, Green Rating Tools are recommended internationally to guide the developers and public in designing and developing green buildings in order to reduce the negative impact towards human health and environment due to increasing use of natural resources. The research on energy efficiency of Residential New Construction (RNC) was successfully done and analyzed by using the DIALux software and light illumination calculations.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a modeling and control of stand- alone photovoltaic system using voltage mode control maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. The PV module was modeled based on the parameters obtained from a commercial PV data sheet while voltage mode control was modeled using simulink block model. A DC-DC boost converter was chosen to step-up and regulates the input DC voltage of the PV module. The voltage mode control (VMC) maximum power point tracking model was simulated and compared with perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracker in order to validate the performance of output results. Results showed that the voltage mode control maximum power point tracking model yields the similar performance as produced by the photovoltaic system controlled by perturb and observe maximum power point tracking algorithm. The simulation is made to analyze the voltage, current and power generated under the changing irradiant and temperature condition. As a conclusion, the voltage mode control technique is possible to implement which yields the similar performance as the results from conventional MPPT method.

This paper discussed on design and development of fire warning system using automated remote messaging method. This device enables to alert the owner whenever fire occur that need rapid attention towards the building. This is maybe due to carelessness of user or gas leakage. Fire warning system is an existing project but it will be enhanced. This project discussed the design and implementation of a fire alarm system using the microcontroller which controlled the entire system. This system comprised of smoke detector that linked to PIC and GSM Modem. When smoke detected, the fire alarm will triggered and send a signal to the PIC. The PIC will process the data and transmit the signal to the GSM modem. The GSM modem will send message to alert the building owner. The owner can make further action by informing the nearest fire department. This module is applied for transferring of GSM SMS message to the owner mobile number. The devices can be the early and fast prevention system for building owner.