Aim: To compare the success of slow rate with fast rate extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of urolithiasis. Study design: Randomized controlled trial Place & duration of study: Department of Urology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 1st October 2010 to 30th April 2011. Methodology: One hundredpatients who were divided in two equal groups i.e. Group A in which patients received treatment with slow rate extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and group B in which patients received treatment with fast rate extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Results: The success rate of slow rate extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was 76 % and that of fast rate extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was 48% (p-<0.05). Conclusions: The slow rate extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is better than fast rate extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for elimination of urolithiasis. Keywords: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; slow rate ESWL; fast rate ESWL

Aim: To compare the mean IPSS score after treatment with tamsulosin versus mirabegron in patients with double J stent related lower urinary tract symptoms. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Urology Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 2nd May 2019 to 1st November 2019. Methodology: One hundred patients of both genders aged between 18-60 years having DJ stent related symptoms (IPSS score ≥7) were enrolled. Patients were randomized into 2 groups based on treatment. Patients in Group A were given mirabegron while the one in Group B were treated with tamsulosin. Outcome variable was mean IPSS score 3 weeks after treatment which was noted and compared between the groups. Results: The mean age was 38.6±10.9 years. There were 59 (59.0%) male and 41 (41.0%) female patients with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The IPSS score at baseline ranged from 14 to 23 with a mean of 18.18±2.77. The follow-up IPSS score was significantly lower in patients treated by mirabegron as compared to tamsulosin (6.28±0.86 vs. 9.60±0.86; p-value<0.001). Similar significant difference was noted between the groups across various subgroups based on patient’s age, gender and baseline IPSS score. Conclusion: Mirabegron was superior to conventional practice of tamsulosin in the treatment of DJ stent related symptoms in terms of significantly lower mean IPSS score after 3 weeks of treatment. Keywords: DJ stent, Lower urinary tract symptoms, Mirabegron, Tamsulosin

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Introduction: Bladder cancer is the second most common urologic cancer. Approximately 90% are transitional cellcarcinoma among which superficial bladder cancer constitutes about 50-70%. It is usually treated by transurethral resection withadjuvant intravesical instillations of chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Primary problems in superficial bladder cancers are its tendency torecur, about 50-80%, following surgical ablation alone, with progression to muscle invasive disease in 20-25% cases. Intravesicalchemotherapy appears to have major impact on decreasing chances of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Objective: To determinethe efficacy of single dose perioperative intravesical mitomycin C in reducing recurrence of superficial bladder tumor. Study Design:Comparative study. Settings: Department of Urology Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore. Duration of Study: One year.13-04-2009 to 13-04-2010. Methodology: Patients were divided into two groups randomly by using random numbers i.e. 40 patients in group A and 40 patientsin group B. Group A (40 patients) of bladder tumor received post TURBT single dose Mitomycin-C 40 mg/40ml N/Saline intravesically andGroup B (40 patients) was control group i.e. TURBT alone without Mitomycin-C. Results: The recurrence at first year follow up in bothgroups were showed a significant difference (p<0.05) as shown in Table No V: There were only 10% recurrence in Group A i.e. patientswho had intravesical Mitomycin –C as compared to 55% recurrence in Group B, who did not received postoperative intravesicalMitomycin–C. Conclusions: It is concluded that one perioperative (within 6 hours of TURBT) intravesical instillation of chemotherapysignificantly decreases the risk of recurrence after TURBT in patients with stage Ta T1, single and multiple papillary bladder cancer in lowrisk as well as high risk tumors. One immediate instillation after TUR reduces the recurrence.