The primary idea behind deploying sensor networks is to utilize the distributed sensing capability provided by tiny, low powered and low cost devices. Multiple sensing devices can be used cooperatively and collaboratively to capture events or monitor space more effectively than a single sensing device. The realm of applications envisioned for sensor networks is diverse including military, aerospace, industrial, commercial, environmental and health monitoring. Typical examples include: traffic monitoring of vehicles, crossborder infiltration-detection and assessment, military reconnaissance and surveillance, target tracking, habitat monitoring and structure monitoring, to name a few. Most of the applications envisioned with sensor networks demand highly reliable, accurate and fault-tolerant data acquisition process. The integrity of data alone can have tremendous effects on the performance of any data acquisition system. Due to the low manufacturing cost, the sensors lend themselves to be deployed in large numbers with a high spatial distribution. Such a large deployment scheme often generates enormous amount of data that needs to be efficiently summarized and delivered for analysis and ix TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .

only applies to the local areas in the immediate surroundings of the An on-line optimal environmentalleconomic dispatch methohotogv stacks, and more importantly, the pollutant dispersion effects of f o r electric power generation is developed in this paper, Aside favorable meteorological conditions have been ignored. Specifically, rhe conventional economic dispatch, consrraints on air what is essential from the viewpoint of an environmentalist is the aM added lo the fuel cosr using the concentration of pollutants (e.g.. parts per million. ppm, of SO, or emissions from the stacks. With the use of such schemes, realistic assessments of the monetary penalty for each type of pollutants would be very arbitrary and difficult. integrated Gaussian puff model bused on the statistical turbulent pg'm' Of the concerned area rather than the rheory. rapid dynamic feutures of pollutant dispersion and its fowcasr surrounding rhe p/ants are emphasized. By applying a convex programming algorithm repearedfy. a set of marginal environmental imposts for the power ptants at differem times are obtained. Such imposts are incorporated with the fuel cost in the ordinary short-term economic dispatching program IO indirectly account .for the environmental impact of power generation on the ambient air quality.

Abstract-Software systems are subject to change. To embrace change, the systems should be equipped with automated mechanisms. Business process and software architecture models are two artifacts that are subject to change in an interrelated manner that requires them co-evolve. As opposed to the traditional batch-based model transformation, we propose a comprehensive set of structural and behavioral evolution patterns that enable to incrementally reflect the impact of change of business processes to their associated architecture models by applying reusable patterns. A basis for automation is provided through a graph-based formalism.