To determine differences in maxillary and dentoalveolar relationships between untreated and treated patients having unilateral clefts of the lip and alveolus (UCLA) or lip and palate (UCLP), dental cast assessments were done on 70 untreated adult Indonesian patients (UCLA-I, UCLP-I) and 67 Dutch patients, surgically treated in infancy (UCLA-D, UCLP-D). The Indonesian group consisted of 44 UCLA-I and 26 UCLP-I patients, and the Dutch group of 24 UCLA-D and 43 UCLP-D patients. In the UCLA-I patients, deformities occurred in that part of the dentoalveolar complex that surrounds the cleft. Lip repair in the UCLA-D group more frequently caused deformities in the incisor and buccal areas on the cleft side. In the UCLP-I patients, deformities were present in the incisor and cuspid areas on the cleft side. The buccal segments showed collapse both on the cleft and noncleft sides. Lip and palate repair in the UCLP-D group caused significantly more deformities in the incisor, cuspid, and buccal areas up to the level of the first molars, both on the cleft and noncleft sides. Surgical treatment seems to cause maxillary and dentoalveolar deformities up to the first molars more frequently, but these are not as pronounced as one would expect: following the practiced surgical regimen, the deformities were usually mild. Negative effects of surgical intervention seem to be antagonized by the restored integrity of the lip and palate leading to orientation of maxillary parts and correction of tongue position, which in turn has a molding effect on the maxilla and mandible.

The investigated catalyst system consists of immobilized Arthrobacter cells containing the enzyme glucose isomerase, which catalyzes the isomerization of glucose into fructose. The internal structure of the catalyst was determined from electrom microscope photographs of replicas of freeze-etched catalyst. On the basis of the photographs a model for the internal structure of the catalyst was proposed. This structure was subsequently used to describe the reaction including mass-transfer effects. It appeared that under normal operating conditions the external mass-transfer rate does not influence the overall rate of reaction. The effect of internal mass-transfer resistances on the overall reaction rate can well be accounted for by the so-called porous sphere model. The intrinsic kinetics of the isomerization catalyzed by the present catalyst system can be represented by a modified Michaelis-Menten equation for a reversible one-substrate reaction.

To determine differences in maxillary and dentoalveolar relationships between untreated and treated patients having unilateral clefts of the lip and alveolus (UCLA) or lip and palate (UCLP), dental cast assessments were done on 70 untreated adult indonesian patients (UCLA-I, UCLP-I) and 67 Dutch patients, surgically treated in infancy (UCLA-D, UCLP-D). The indonesian group consisted of 44 UCLA-I and 26 UCLP-I patients, and the Dutch group of 24 UCLA-D and 43 UCLP-D patients. In the UCLA-I patients, deformities occurred in that part of the dentoalveolar complex that surrounds the cleft. Lip repair in the UCLA-D group more frequently caused deformities in the incisor and buccal areas on the cleft side. In the UCLP-I patients, deformities were present in the incisor and cuspid areas on the cleft side. The buccal segments showed collapse both on the cleft and noncIeft sides. Lip and palate repair in the UCLP-D group caused significantly more deformities in the incisor, cuspid, and buccal areas up to the level of the first molars, both on the cleft and noncleft sides. Surgical treatment seems to cause maxillary and dentoalveolar deformities up to the first molars more frequently, but these are not as pronounced as one would expect: following the practiced surgical regimen, the deformities were usually mild. Negative effects of surgical intervention seem to be antagonized by the restored integrity of the lip and palate leading to orientation of maxillary parts and correction of tongue position, which in turn has a molding effect on the maxilla and mandible.