Osiągnięcia naszych przodków, począwszy od ujarzmienia ognia po eksplorację i zasiedlanie nowych terenów znajdujących się w niekorzystnym klimacie, zwiększały ich narażenie na działanie wysokich i niskich temperatur. W pracy opisano techniki opatrywania ran powstałych na skutek działania ekstremalnych temperatur, które stosowano od czasów starożytnych cywilizacji Wschodu i Zachodu do współczesności. Zwrócono uwagę na proces, jaki zachodził w medycynie: od wyłącznie miejscowego leczenia ran opierającego się niekiedy na praktykach magicznych do stopniowego doskonalenia technik bazujących na coraz wnikliwszych teoriach naukowych. Rozwój wiedzy, technik zabiegowych oraz coraz nowocześniejsze materiały opatrunkowe przyczyniły się do postępu, jaki miał i ma miejsce w dziedzinie opatrywania ran termicznych. Oprócz ukazania czytelnikowi historii rozwoju technik leczenia ran powstałych wskutek działania niskich i wysokich temperatur na organizm człowieka, praca ma także na celu uświadomienie, że odkrycie powszechnych dziś metod leczenia było efektem niezwykłych wysiłków na przestrzeni wieków wielu wybitnych naukowców i lekarzy, którzy często, pomimo zawieruchy wojennej, opracowywali nowatorskie metody, aby ratować życie i zdrowie poszkodowanych.
In pulmonary hypertension (PH), T wave inversions (TWI) are typically observed in precordial leads V1–V3 but can also extend further to the left-sided leads. To date, the cause and prognostic significance of this extension have not yet been assessed. Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationship between heart morphology and precordial TWI range, and the role of TWI in monitoring treatment efficacy and predicting survival. We retrospectively analyzed patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treated in a reference pulmonary hypertension center. Patients were enrolled if they had a cardiac magnetic resonance (cMR) and 12-lead surface ECG performed at the time of assessment. They were followed from October 2008 until March 2021. We enrolled 77 patients with PAH and 56 patients with inoperable CTEPH. They were followed for a mean of 51 ± 33.5 months, and during this time 47 patients died (35.3%). Precordial TWI in V1–V6 were present in 42 (31.6%) patients, while no precordial TWI were observed only in 9 (6.8%) patients. The precordial TWI range correlated with markers of PH severity, including right ventricle to left ventricle volume RVEDVLVEDV (R = 0.76, p < 0.0001). The presence of TWI in consecutive leads from V1 to at least V5 predicted severe RV dilatation (RVEDVLVEDV ≥ 2.3) with a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 84.1% (AUC of 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83–0.94, p < 0.0001). Presence of TWI from V1 to at least V5 was also a predictor of mortality in Kaplan–Meier estimation (p = 0.02). Presence of TWI from V1 to at least V5 had a specificity of 64.3%, sensitivity of 58.1%, negative predictive value of 75%, and positive predictive value of 45.5% as a mortality predictor. In patients showing a reduction in TWI range of at least one lead after treatment compared with patients without this reduction, we observed a significant improvement in RV-EDV and RV−EDVLV−EDV. We concluded that the extension of TWI to left-sided precordial leads reflects significant pathological alterations in heart geometry represented by an increase in RV/LV volume and predicts poor survival in patients with PAH and CTEPH. Additionally, we found that analysis of precordial TWI range can be used to monitor the effectiveness of hemodynamic response to treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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