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The effect of the interaction between aggregate and asphalt on asphalt mix properties has been a subject of many studies. However, studies using compacted mixtures cannot isolate the pure effects of the asphalt-aggregate interactions, while studies using mixtures of asphalt and fines cannot determine the asphalt rheology at the interface. In this study, direct measurement of asphalt rheology at the interface is investigated using the sliding plate geometry with machined aggregate plates. Significant differences in the behavior of asphalts in contact with aggregate plates have been observed, especially at low shear rates. One asphalt shows substantial aggregate surface-induced structuring, while another asphalt shows essentially none. In addition, the film thickness effect on the rheological properties of asphalt binders and asphalt aggregate mixtures was investigated. The results strongly show that thin films of asphalt on an aggregate surface have substantially changed rheological properties that are asphalt composition–dependent, and that asphalts that are graded alike as bulk materials do not have the same rheological properties as thin films, in this service environment.