Oral capecitabine is an effective alternative to intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer.

Innovation is not a new phenomenon. Arguably, it is as old as mankind itself. However, in spite of its obvious importance, innovation has not always got the scholarly attention it deserves. This is now rapidly changing, however. As shown in the paper, research on the role of innovation economic and social change has proliferated in recent years, particularly within the social sciences, and often with a bent towards cross-disciplinarity. It is argued that this reflects the fact that no single discipline deals with all aspects of innovation, and that in order to get a comprehensive overview of the role played by innovation in social and economic change, a cross-disciplinary perspective is a must. The purpose of the paper is to provide the reader with a guide to this rapidly expanding literature. In doing so it draws on larger collective effort financed by the European Commission (the TEARI project, see http://tikpc51.uio.no/teari/teari.htm ), one of the outputs of which will emerge as Oxford Handbook of Innovation, edited by

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This content downloaded from 146.Measures of the international competitiveness of a country relative to other countries are frequently used, especially in mass media, governmental reports and discussions of economic policy. But, in spite of this, it is rather rare to see the concept of international competitiveness of a country defined. However, few would probably disagree with the view that it refers to the ability of a country to realise central economic policy goals, especially growth in income and employment, without running into balance-of-payments difficulties.Following this, what a theory of international competitiveness must do is to establish the links between the growth and balance-of-payments position of an open economy and factors influencing this process.Even if there exist many measures of the international competitiveness of a country,1 by far the most popular and influential is 'growth in relative unit labour costs' (RULC)2. In the small open economies of Western Europe this measure seems to be as important for policy-making as certain monetary aggregates have been in the United States and the United Kingdom in recent years. If unit labour costs grow more than in other countries, it is argued, this will reduce market shares at home and abroad, hamper economic growth and increase unemployment. However, available empirical evidence shows that the fastest growing countries in terms of exports and GDP in the post-war period have at the same time experienced much faster growth in relative unit labour costs than other countries, and vice versa.3 This fact, sometimes referred to as the 'Kaldor paradox' after Kaldor (I978), indicates that the popular view of growth in unit labour costs determining international competitiveness is at best too simplified. But why? Section I discusses the main theoretical arguments in favour of a detrimental effect of 'growth in relative unit labour costs' on market shares and growth. It These measures range from indicators of economic performance (market shares (Chesnais (I98I), profitability (Eliasson, I972)), (1978) and Kellman (I983) have shown that the effects of growing relative costs or prices on exports or market shares seem to be rather weak and sometimes 'perverse'. [ 355 1 This content downloaded from 146.201.208.22 on Sun, 04 Oct 2015 02:37:37 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 356 THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL [JUNE single-factor indicators based on price or cost development, to complex composite indexes reflecting economic, structural and institutional factors (EMF, I984). 2 Unit labour costs (ULC) in manufacturing are wages and social costs for workers at current prices divided by gross product at constant prices. Relati...

The modeling framework successfully predicted survival in a phase III trial on the basis of capecitabine phase II data in CRC. It is a useful tool to support end-of-phase II decisions and design of phase III studies.