<span id="docs-internal-guid-ad3b6b0d-7fff-2d92-685e-3d423ac2713f"><span>Signals transmitted over a long range of distance may pass through several obstacles and scatter, taking multiple paths to reach the receiver. Beamforming antennas are controlled electronically to adjust the radiation pattern following the first received signal. This allows the antenna to maximize the received signal and consequently, suppress the interfering signals received. A smart antenna should be able to diminish noise, increase the signal to noise ratio, and have better system competence. The adaptive beam makes use of the spacing of the several antennas and the phase of the signal of each antenna array to control the shape and direction of the signal beam. This paper focuses on the use of smart antennas using an adaptive beam method as a better system for the transmission of signals. A simulation between the existing Omnidirectional antenna system and the smart antenna system will be made and compared. The paper will discuss the corresponding advantages that a smart antenna system has compared to the Omnidirectional antenna system.</span></span>

A bowtie antenna is one of the simple dipole antennas with an omnidirectional pattern utilized in several applications. It is used in industrial applications, scientific applications, and medical applications. Its elementary design can be subjected to modification to expand the applications of the dipole and improve its performance. This paper aims to develop a design optimization algorithm for a bowtie antenna with an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter. In the paper, the different designs of the bowtie antenna are simulated using MATLAB software. The design of antennas is constructed using the partial differential equation (PDE) toolbox in MATLAB software. The designs explored in the paper are the slotted microstrip bowtie antenna and the double flare bowtie antenna. A traditional bowtie was also simulated to be used as a reference for the evaluation of the modified antennas. The dimensions of the designs are kept closely like draw accurate conclusions about the effects of the refinements done. The effects of the modification of the designs on the directivity and return loss are determined to assess the effectiveness of the design alterations.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are used in several applications. It is widely used in retail, corporations, and schools for several purposes such as inventory, identification, and cashless payments. The components of an RFID system include a tag and a reader. The RFID reader includes an RF module that transmits and receives signals. While the RFID tag transmits embedded signals, which is typically some form of identification. The tag is a passive component powered by the reader. The two components make use of antennas to communicate the signals with each other. The design of the antenna is an important factor to consider in the production of the RFID. The size of the antenna must be small enough to provide convenience and the gain must be strong enough to effectively transmit and receive signals between the two components. In this paper, an antenna for an RFID tag is designed using MATLAB software. The antenna to be designed must be cost-efficient and be able to radiate an acceptable gain. This research creates a dipole antenna with biconical and pyramidal horn design in RFID simulations.

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