Purpose Building information modelling (BIM) creates a golden thread of information of the facility, which proves useful to those with the malicious intent of breaching the security of the facility. A cyber-attack incurs adverse implications for the facility and its managing organisation. Hence, this paper aims to unravel the impact of a cybersecurity breach, by developing a BIM-facilities management (FM) cybersecurity-risk-matrix to portray what a cybersecurity attack means for various working areas of FM. Design/methodology/approach This study commenced with exploring cybersecurity within various stages of a BIM project. This showcased a heightened risk of cybersecurity at the post-occupancy phase. Hence, thematic analysis of two main domains of BIM-FM and cybersecurity in the built environment led to the development of a matrix that illustrated the impact of a cybersecurity attack on a BIM-FM organisation. Findings Findings show that the existing approaches to the management of cybersecurity in BIM-FM are technology-dependent, resulting in an over-reliance on technology and a lack of cybersecurity awareness of aspects related to people and processes. This study sheds light on the criticality of cyber-risk at the post-occupancy phase, highlighting the FM areas which will be compromised as a result of a cyber-attack. Originality/value This study seeks to shift focus to the people and process aspects of cybersecurity in BIM-FM. Through discussing the interconnections between the physical and digital assets of a built facility, this study develops a cyber-risk matrix, which acts as a foundation for empirical investigations of the matter in future research.

The ability to easily monitor different aspects of the environment is essential to achieve the aspirations of smart homes, smart buildings and smart cities across Europe. A wide range of sensors are available for both the domestic and commercial markets to enable different aspects of the environment to be monitored. These sensors are disparate, requiring different interfaces and utilizing conflicting data formats. This paper reports on the development of a generic monitoring framework to capture and analyse data from ubiquitous sensing devices in smart cities. The framework has been tested by capturing energy usage data from both public and commercial buildings, and domestic homes in three cities across two European countries. Dashboards were created to enable facility managers and home owners to compare energy usage with similar buildings in different cities. The paper discusses the technical and data quality challenges encountered with capturing data from domestic and non-domestic buildings and highlights the need for a generic context framework to support monitoring and analysis of the pan-European data captured. 1

In computer forensics, it is important to understand the purpose of evidence file formats to maintain continuity of acquired data from storage devices. Evidence file formats such as E01 contain embedded data such as Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) and hash values to allow a program to verify the integrity of the data contained within it. Students on computer forensics courses need to understand the concepts of CRC and hash values as well as their use and limitations in evidence files when verifying acquired data. That is the CRC and hash values in evidence file only verify the acquired data and not the evidence file per se. This important difference in E01 files was highlighted by showing students an anomaly in E01 files where certain bytes can be changed in E01 files without detection by computer forensic software using the embedded CRC and hash values. The benefit to students is that they can see the advantages of self verification and limitations of what is verified giving the opportunity for a deeper understanding of evidence files and good practice.

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