History of the Czech presidency – Constitutional status of the President – Personal powers and powers subject to countersignature by the Premier – Presidency of V. Havel and V. Klaus – Emerging constitutional conventions – Appointment of judges – Resignation of Ministers and Appointment of Premier – Legislative veto – Moderation of the constitutional system rather than implementation of a political programme – Importance of the political context – Parliamentarianism with a relatively influential President.
Článek je příspěvkem k vymezování hranic a stavu oboru ústavního práva a státovědy. Nastiňuje míru propojení ústavního práva a politiky, jež má dopady na metodologii přístupu k ústavnímu právu. Dále poukazuje na dvě tradiční části ústavního práva, organickou a lidskoprávní, a upozorňuje jednak na proměny jejich poměru, jednak na zvyšující se míru konstitucionalizace společenských vztahů a její dopady. V poslední části poukazuje na typická témata současné nauky ústavního práva a podrobněji se věnuje lidským právům (hegemonie) a soudům (dalekosáhlá judicializace).
Seemingly empty spaces in various archaeological settings have left many unanswered questions. This paper focuses on the appearance, maintenance and possible function of a large empty area situated at the summit plateau of the Iron Age oppidum Bibracte in France. Multidisciplinary research of the infill of the ditch that delimited this area in the 1 st century BC has provided evidence on the primary function and the formation processes of the structure itself, and for the reconstruction of the appearance, maintenance and function of the area it enclosed. The results allow us to gain insight into a variety of topics, including the role of trees, hygiene measures and waste management strategies at this urbanised hilltop centre. This paper demonstrates that multi-proxy analyses provide detailed insight into the function of archaeological features in a local environmental context and the potential of such approaches in archaeology.
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