Tumor-selective activation and cytotoxic activity of CD8 TIL and tumor-selective migration of CD4 T helper cells were demonstrated in colorectal cancer for the first time. Our data support the immunogenicity of colorectal cancer and suggest clinical significance of tumor-specific immune responses.

Background: The best therapy for patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are medically unfit for lobectomy or prefer not to undergo surgery has not yet been demonstrated. Objectives: We analyzed data from our prospective database to evaluate the recurrence and survival rates and assess the extent to which the type of treatment explains outcome differences. Methods: This study included 116 patients with histologically proven clinical stage I NSCLC who were treated with sublobar resection (SLR; n = 42), radiofrequency ablation (RFA; n = 25) or radiotherapy (RT; n = 49) between 2009 and 2013. The primary end point was the time to primary tumor recurrence (PR). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to compare the recurrence patterns and survivals after adjustments for potential confounders. Results: The SLR patients were younger and exhibited better performance status. The RT patients had larger tumors. After adjusting for age and tumor size, there were differences between the different treatments in terms of the PR rate, but no differences were observed in overall (OS) or disease-free survival. The hazard ratio for PR comparing SLR versus RT adjusted for age and tumor size was 2.73 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.72-10.27) and that for SLR versus RFA was 7.57 (95% CI 1.94-29.47). Conclusions: Our study suggests that SLR was associated with a higher primary tumor control rate compared to RFA or RT, although the OSs were not different. These results should be confirmed in prospective trials.

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Pneumonectomy is associated with significant postoperative mortality. This study was undertaken to develop and validate a risk model of mortality following pneumonectomy. We reviewed our prospective database and identified 774 pneumonectomies from a total of 7792 consecutive anatomical lung resections in the years 2003 to 2010 (rate of pneumonectomy: 9.9%). Based on data from 542 pneumonectomies between 2003 and 2007 (i.e., the "discovery set"), a penalized multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify preoperative risk factors. A risk model was developed and validated in an independent data set of 232 pneumonectomies that were performed between 2008 and 2010 (i.e., the "validation set"). Of the 542 patients in the discovery set (DS), 35 patients (6.5%) died after pneumonectomy during the same admission. We developed a risk prediction model for in-hospital mortality following pneumonectomy; that model included age, current alcohol use, coronary artery disease, preoperative leukocyte count and palliative indication as possible risk factors. The risk model was subsequently successfully validated in an independent data set (n = 232) in which 18 patients (7.8%) died following pneumonectomy. For the validation set, the sensitivity of the model was 53.3% (DS: 54.3%), the specificity was 88.0% (DS: 87.4%), the positive predictive value was 26.7% (DS: 22.9%) and the negative predictive value was 95.8% (DS: 96.5%). The Brier score was 0.062 (DS: 0.054). The prediction model is statistically valid and clinically relevant.