Traumatic anterior dislocation of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an extremely rare occurrence. There are only a few known cases of this type of dislocation which discuss the high risk of a neurovascular complication. This article describes a traumatic anterior dislocation of the TKA with a severe vascular lesion in a 75-year-old severely comorbid patient. Further complications led to the development of a compartment syndrome. Despite the repeated effort in performing a well-functioning anastomosis of the popliteal artery tear by the vascular surgeon, reperfusion of the lower extremity was not effective. Furthermore, multiorgan system failure due to the reperfusion syndrome evolved. This led to an above-knee amputation as a lifesaving procedure. Despite thorough intensive care therapy, the patient did not survive this complication. Presently there are no reported cases with such severe complications after the luxation of a previously well-functioning TKA leading to the death of the patient.

Human toxocariasis is a helminthozoonosis caused by the migration of Toxocara species larvae through an organism. The infection in humans is transmitted either by direct ingestion of the eggs of the parasite, or by consuming undercooked meat infested with Toxocara larvae. This parasitosis can be found worldwide, but there are significant differences in seroprevalence in different areas, depending mainly on hot climate conditions and on low social status. However, the literature estimates of seroprevalence are inconsistent. Infected patients commonly present a range of symptoms, e.g., abdominal pain, decreased appetite, restlessness, fever, and coughing. This manuscript presents a case report of a polytraumatic patient who underwent a two-phase spinal procedure for a thoracolumbar fracture. After the second procedure, which was a vertebral body replacement via thoracotomy, the patient developed a pathologic pleural effusion. A microscopic cytology examination of this effusion revealed the presence of Toxocara species larvae. Although the patient presented no specific clinical symptoms, and the serological exams (Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot) were negative, the microscopic evaluation enabled a timely diagnosis. The patient was successfully treated with albendazole, with no permanent sequelae of the infection.

We present a case report of a 60-year-old Caucasian female patient, who had undergone a series of procedures for a periprosthetic (after total hip arthroplasty) Vancouver C type diaphyseal fracture of the right femur (reverse distal femoral locking compression plate [LCP] osteosynthesis, then a corrective osteotomy with another distal femoral LCP osteosynthesis). Subsequently, she developed high-grade osteoarthrosis of the right knee, indicated for a total knee arthroplasty. Considering the extent of previous procedures, which had significantly compromised the bone quality of the femur and therefore increased the risk of a refracture after an eventual hardware removal, we decided to retain the LCP plate. We concluded that the optimal solution would be the use of a computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty. This procedure obviated the need for intramedullary guiding, while ensuring optimal joint alignment. No postoperative complications emerged.