a radioterapeutická klinika LF UK a FN Plzeň 2 Biomedicínské centrum LF UK v Plzni Souhrn Východiska: Moderní imunoterapie založená na tzv. checkpoint inhibitorech představuje inovativní léčbu, která se již běžně uplatňuje v léčbě řady malignit a u mnoha dalších je cílem různě pokročilého klinického výzkumu. Nejčastěji jsou zde využívány monoklonální protilátky proti CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) a PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) nebo PD-L1 (programmed cell death-1 ligand). Specifikem této léčby jsou nežádoucí účinky, které se svým charakterem blíží autoimunitním onemocněním. V poslední době narůstají důkazy o tom, že výskyt ně kte rých nežádoucích účinků imunoterapie je asociován s příznivým efektem této léčby. Cíl: Cílem této přehledové práce bylo sumarizovat dosavadní poznatky o asociaci výskytu nežádoucích účinků checkpoint inhibitorů s efektem této léčby. Závěr: Souvislost mezi efektem imunoterapie a výskytem nežádoucích účinků byla zjištěna v řadě studií. Nejlépe byla dokumentována u pacientů s maligním melanomem, nemalobuněčným karcinomem plic a renálním karcinomem. Většina publikovaných studií je limitovaná relativně nízkým množstvím pacientů a retrospektivním designem. Stále zde tedy zůstává velké množství nezodpovězených otázek. Klíčová slova imunoterapie-checkpoint inhibitory-nežádoucí účinky-efekt Summary Background: Modern immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors is an innovative treatment, which is already used in the treatment of a number of malignancies, and many other checkpoint inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials. Monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) and PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) or PD-L1 (programmed cell death-1 ligand) are the most commonly used agents. The side effects of these treat ments are similar in nature to those of autoimmune diseases. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that some adverse effects of immunotherapy are associated with the beneficial effect of this treatment. Purpose: The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge of the association between the adverse effects of checkpoint inhibitors and the outcomes of patients treated with this therapy. Conclusion: The association between the effect of immunotherapy and the occurrence of adverse reactions has been identified in a number of studies. It has been best documented in patients with malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Many studies published so far are limited by the relatively low number of patients and their retrospective design, leaving many questions still unanswered.
Background
The anticancer properties of metformin have been suggested in numerous experimental studies and several retrospective clinical studies show that its use is associated with improved outcome of patients with cancer. However, limited data are available for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with targeted therapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of the metformin use on survival of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib.
Methods
Clinical data from 343 patients with mRCC treated with sunitinib or pazopanib in the first line were analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared according to the use of metformin.
Results
The median PFS and OS for patients using metformin was 31.1 (95% CI 20.6–35.1) and 51.6 (95% CI 44.7-NR) months compared to 9.3 (95% CI 8.0–12.0) and 22.4 (95% CI 19.4–26.8) months for patients not using metformin (
p
<0.0001 and
p
=0.0002, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis shows that the use of metformin remains a significant factor for PFS (HR=0.55 [95% CI 0.343–0.883],
p
=0.013) and also for OS (HR=0.45 [95% CI 0.256–0.794],
p
=0.006).
Conclusion
The present study results suggest that the use of metformin was associated with favorable outcome of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib.
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