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The purpose of this study was to examine psychomotor development in children born to mothers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The influence of metabolic control in pregnant diabetic mothers and complications during labor on their children's psychological and physical development was evaluated. The analysis included 59 children, 20 of mothers with GDM, 19 of mothers with DM1, and 20 children of healthy mothers. Clinical observations and medical history were recorded and children were assessed using the Brunet-Lezine Psychomotor Development Scale. Abnormalities were found more often in the children of mothers with DM1 whose illness was insufficiently controlled during pregnancy and of mothers with serious hypoglycemia while pregnant. Speech, eye-movement coordination and social aspects were affected.

The risk of vaginal mycoses in DM women is more that four times higher and in pregnancies with GDM nearly two times higher than in controls. The risk of trifocal mycosis in DM women is nearly three times higher than in nondiabetics. There is a poor correlation between symptoms of vaginitis and fungal infection. We did not confirm the influence of the gestational age on the prevalence of fungi.

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Ability to respond to environmental changes and secretion of hydrolases are considered to be important for Candida virulence. In this study we determined and compared the activities of 19 different hydrolases of the fungal strains isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women. We also looked for the presence of a relationship between hydrolase activities and glycemic control, and, furthermore, evaluated the influence of gestational age on the activity of hydrolases. Mycological examinations were performed for 119 diabetic pregnant women: 47 with diabetes mellitus type I (DM), 72 with gestational diabetes (GDM), and for 132 healthy women (CON). Samples were collected from the vagina, rectum and oral cavity and cultured on Sabouraud media. The fungal hydrolase activities were evaluated using the API ZYM test (bioMerieux). For the 19 different fungal hydrolases tested, 13 activities were present in the isolated fungal strains. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in vaginal strains (p=0.028) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in strains from the vagina (p=0.006) and rectum (p=0.049) was significantly lower in DM than in GDM and CON women. In conclusion, we describe for the first time that fungi isolated from pregnant diabetic women have lower activity of both phosphatases compared to fungi isolated from healthy women. Furthermore, similar differences of mean ALP and ACP activities were observed in the course of pregnancy in strains from the vagina and rectum of DM and CON women. However, strains from DM had lower activity at each stage of pregnancy. The highest activity of ALP and ACP was detected at the beginning, then declined, and had the lowest values between the 24(th) and 33(rd) week of gestation. After that period the activity of both phosphatases increased.