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The development of new multimedia services and environments requires new concepts both to support the new working process and to protect the multimedia data during the production and distribution. This article addresses imagehideo authentication and copyright protection as major security demands in digital marketplaces. First we present a content-based signature technique for image and video authenticity and integrity. Based on this technique, we introduce a tool for interactive video authentication and propose contentfragile watermarking, a concept which combines watermarking and content-based digital signatures to ensure copyright protection and detection of integrity violation.

One of the main problems, which darkens the future of digital watermarking technologies, is the lack of detailed evaluation of existing marking schemes. This lack of benchmarking of current algorithms is blatant and confuses rights holders as well as software and hardware manufacturers and prevents them from using the solution appropriate to their needs. Indeed basing longlived protection schemes on badly tested watermarking technology does not make sense.In this paper we will present the architecture of a public automated evaluation service we have developed for still images, sound and video. We will detail and justify our choice of evaluation profiles, that is the series of tests applied to different types of watermarking schemes. These evaluation profiles allow us to measure the reliability of a marking scheme to different levels from low to very high.Beside the known StirMark transformations, we will also detail new tests that will be included in this platform. One of them is intended to measure the real size of the key space. Indeed, if one is not careful, two different watermarking keys may produce interfering watermarks and as a consequence the actual space of keys is much smaller than it appears. Another set of tests is related to audio data and addresses the usual equalisation and normalisation but also time stretching, pitch shifting. Finally we propose a set of tests for fingerprinting applications. This includes: averaging of copies with different fingerprint, random exchange of part between different copies and comparison between copies with selection of most/less frequently used position differences. NEED FOR EVALUATIONThe growing number of attacks against watermarking systems (e.g., 1, 2, 3 ) has shown that far more research is required to improve the quality of existing watermarking methods so that, for instance, the coming JPEG 2000 (and new multimedia standards) can be more widely used within electronic commerce applications.We already pointed out that most papers have used their own limited series of tests, their own pictures and their own methodology and that consequently comparison was impossible without re-implementing the method and trying to test them separately 4 . But then, the implementation might be very different and probably weaker than the one of the original authors. This led to suggest that methodologies for evaluating existing watermarking algorithms were urgently required and we proposed a simple benchmark for still image marking algorithms.With a well-defined benchmark, researchers and watermarking software manufacturers would just need to provide a table of results, which would give a good and reliable summary of the performances of the proposed scheme. So end users can check whether their basic requirements are satisfied. Researchers can compare different algorithms and see how a method can be improved or whether a newly added feature actually improves the reliability of the whole method. As far as the industry is concerned, risks can be properly associated with the ...

Since its introduction in 2014, the face morphing forgery (FMF) attack has received significant attention from the biometric and media forensic research communities. The attack aims at creating artificially weakened templates which can be successfully matched against multiple persons. If successful, the attack has an immense impact on many biometric authentication scenarios including the application of electronic machine-readable travel document (eMRTD) at automated border control gates. We extend the StirTrace framework for benchmarking FMF attacks by adding five issues: a novel threefold definition for the quality of morphed images, a novel FMF realisation (combined morphing), a post-processing operation to simulate the digital image format used in eMRTD (passport scaling 15 kB), an automated face recognition system (VGG face descriptor) as additional means for biometric quality assessment and two feature spaces for FMF detection (keypoint features and fusion of keypoint and Benford features) as additional means for forensic quality assessment. We show that the impact of StirTrace post-processing operations on the biometric quality of morphed face images is negligible except for two noise operators and passport scaling 15 kB, the impact on the forensic quality depends on the type of post-processing, and the new FMF realisation outperforms the previously considered ones.