The aim of the our study was to assess the efficacy of autogenous tooth root as block bone graft in reconstructing the vertical and horizontal dimensions at periodontally hopeless extraction sites both clinically and radiographically. Methods: A total of 13 patients having a tooth with periodontally hopeless prognosis indicated for extraction were included in the study. Following atraumatic extraction the tooth was processed to create a decoronated cementum free dentin block which was used to augment the extraction socket. Results: The augmentation of periodontally hopeless socket with tooth block autograft resulted in gain of clinical ridge width of 5.9mm radiographically, apico-coronal defect depth reduced upto 8.2 mm (p 0.001) and gain in ridge width of 5.8 mm post-operatively after 6 months (p 0.001). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of using tooth root as a block graft for ridge augmentation in the periodontally hopeless extraction site making it suitable for implant placement in future.

An endo-perio lesion has been one of the prevalent issues affiliated with the tooth. The cutaneous involvement of pulpal and inflammatory periodontal pathology can perplex the diagnosis and treatment planning. The present case report shows the synergic effect of endodontic, periodontal, and esthetic therapy. The treatment includes root canal therapy and open debridement followed by the placement of "sticky bone" graft and guided tissue regeneration membrane over the osseous defect site. After 6 months, a coronally advanced tunneling procedure with connective tissue graft placement was performed to improve esthetics. The patient was followed up for 1 year. Clinically, there was a reduction in probing pocket depth, increase in attached gingiva, and improvement in gingival biotype. Radiographically, there was a resolution of periapical radiolucency and a significant amount of bone fill was observed. Hence, the coactive effect of various regenerative materials with root canal sealing had significantly improved both clinical and radiographic features of the endo-perio lesion.

Sequelae to too the extraction includes progressive loss in the vertical and horizontal dimension of alveolar ridge. These lead to changes in the alveolar process in a 3 dimensional fashion causing hard and soft tissue deficiency which may affect the ability to restore the site. Preservation of the alveolar crest after tooth extraction is essential to maintain the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the alveolar ridge. Several techniques and materials have been introduced to minimize crestal bone loss. There is a broad consensus that ridge preservation procedures are efficient in limiting the post extraction dimensional loss of the ridge. However, the key to successful outcome is proper treatment planning according to the case and prognosis. Conclusion: The aim of this literature review is to discuss the several bone preservation techniques and materials to minimize post-extraction loss of hard and soft tissues.