Platinum nanostructures have been used as electrocatalysts on various electrode subtrates for applications such as molecular sensing and fuel storage. Lightweight and flexible paper-based devices embedded with micro- or nanoscale metallic electrodes could prove highly useful for wearable devices and other portable applications. We here demonstrate that nanometer-thickness single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-laden paper prepared via ambient vacuum filtration offers an excellent conducting electrode substrate for the deposition of platinum through either electrodeposition or vacuum filtration. Characterization of the resulting paper electrodes reveals the formation of crystalline, interspersed, discrete spiky platinum nanoclusters (PtNCs) on the SWCNT film fabricated through electrodeposition, while those made via vacuum filtration feature interconnected spherical platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs). Using methanol as a benchmark molecule, we demonstrate that PtNP-SWCNT paper electrodes prepared via vacuum filtration have higher electrocatalytic efficiency compared to electrodes made via electrodeposition, and this is most likely due to the greater electroactive surface area of the PtNP-SWCNT paper electrode. This combination of the superior catalytic properties of platinum nanostructures with the flexible, thin, and conductive SWCNT paper substrate could prove highly valuable for the low-cost manufacturing of high-quality, disposable electrodes for a variety of applications.

The electrochemical detection of BPA often requires modification of electrodes to overcome BPA′s slower kinetics and higher oxidation potential. This work reports a modification‐free, paper electrode based on vacuum‐filtered SWCNT thin film. The prepared electrode does not need to be polished or transferred into the conducting substrates. The linear sweep voltammetric detection showed a linear response from 0.5–10 μM and 25–100 μM with the experimental LOD of 1.0 μM (S/N=3). The interference study and good recovery percentage (93–105 %) in real water samples demonstrated the method‘s selectivity. The sensor can be promising for developing a simple, low‐cost, portable, and paper‐based BPA monitoring system.

Intersectionality has become the primary analytic tool in feminist and anti-racist scholarship to understand identity and oppression. This article critically interrogates the assumptions of intersectionality while underpinning white man's supremacy and privilege in order to focus on the oppressed position of immigrant, African-American, and menial workers. In Lynn Nottage's Sweat the white people enjoy the privileged position by belittling the underdogs. The social components like class, gender, race, and their discursive techniques work together to form and consolidate such an oppressed position. While looking from the perspective of feminism, this article encapsulates the equation mediated by multiple identity locations intersecting each other. The result of such an intersection of class, race and gender produces compound oppression which is the stigma of American democracy.

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