Background The role of universities in health promotion has been strengthened by institutional policies and the Health Promoting Universities movement. Together they seek to identify behaviours that are harmful to the health of university students and implement programs or interventions to promote the health of students within the physical environment of universities. However, the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly increased the number of students learning by distance. Under these circumstances, there is an increased need to assess the knowledge, attitudes and health practices of students in distance learning. Objective To develop a KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) questionnaire on the health of distance learning students. Methods Development was carried out in four stages: 1) literature review to identify existing health programs in universities; 2) formulation of questions based on WHO theoretical frameworks, National Health Promotion Policy and the literature review; 3) selection of interdisciplinary expert judges and submission of the KAP-Health questionnaire for analysis of appearance, efficiency/consistency, clarity/understanding, pertinence of content and sequence of items; and 4) content validation by applying the content validity coefficient (CVC). Results The mean CVCs obtained were all equal to or greater than 0.96, 0.95 and 0.93 for the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices domains, respectively; all comfortably above the cut-off score of 80% (CVCt = 0.80). Conclusions At this stage of the study, the judges consider the content of the KAP-Health questionnaire adequate to identify issues related to the health of students in distance learning. However, it is important to note that the next step is to test the usefulness of this questionnaire. We believe that our KAP-Health instrument is both original and useful for planning institutional policies in order to implement assertive strategies to promote the health of remote-learning students in Brazil and in other parts of the world.
O ensino superior tem importância crucial na formação da sociedade e forte impacto social. As universidades presenciais, enquanto comunidade, são um cenário adequado para implementar estratégias de promoção da saúde e bem-estar. A expansão da modalidade da Educação a Distância (EaD) deve considerar a implementação de políticas institucionais para o cuidado da saúde dos acadêmicos da Ead. O presente estudo trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e exploratório, que objetivou identificar a autopercepção da saúde dos acadêmicos dos cursos da EaD, relacionar com o autorrelato de doenças crônicas e mapear por regiões brasileiras. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e exploratório, realizado com acadêmicos uma universidade privada com sede no estado do Paraná, e polos em 26 estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal. Por adesão espontânea, 8.531 alunos participaram do estudo respondendo questionário estruturado no formulário Google Forms. Identificou-se que embora os acadêmicos tenham apresentado tendência de autopercepção de saúde positiva, as doenças crônicas autorrelatadas têm impacto na percepção de saúde desses estudantes. Aqueles que residem nas regiões Sudeste e Sul apresentaram melhor autopercepção de saúde, embora tenham autorrelatado maior incidência de doenças crônicas, quando comparados às demais regiões brasileiras. Concluímos que o melhor acesso aos serviços de saúde, maior renda e a idade mais avançada, influenciaram positivamente a autopercepção da saúde. Os resultados deste estudo, em vista da expansão significativa da Educação a Distância, podem contribuir no planejamento de estratégias institucionais para promoção da saúde dos estudantes universitários da EaD.
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