This article will provide an overview of the psychosocial and cognitive problems that people with epilepsy (PWE) experience as consequence of the condition and its treatment. Psychosocial problems will be discussed in light of how they impact on quality of life. The review will discuss the stigma, myths and stereotypes that PWE encounter and the implications of these for important psychological outcomes including; anxiety, depression, self-esteem, sense of mastery and cognitive dysfunction. The latter part of the article will focus on psychosocial factors including social isolation, interpersonal and family relationships and employment. The overall aim is to provide the reader with a general overview of the sort of factors that can impede social functioning in PWE with particular emphasis on the problems encountered in adults.

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Objectives. Appropriate contextualized emotion goals (i.e., desired emotional endpoints that facilitate goal attainment) are fundamental to emotion regulation, as they may determine the direction of regulation efforts. Given that difficulties in emotion regulation are prevalent in borderline personality disorder (BPD), we explored whether BPD traits (Study 1) and BPD diagnosis (Study 2) presented specific contextualized emotion goals, and whether these emotion goals may be linked to difficulties in emotion regulation.Methods. In Study 1, 358 individuals were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk and assessed on the presence of borderline traits, emotion regulation ability, and general and contextualized emotion goals. In Study 2, these measures were employed in a sample of 35 people with BPD and 35 matched controls who were also assessed on their current mood state and screened for Axis I and II disorders of the DSM-IV.Results. Study 1 showed that emotion dysregulation was positively predicted by borderline traits and contextualized emotion goals that impair goal attainment (i.e., greater preference for anger for collaboration and happiness for confrontation). Findings of Study 2 also showed that a higher preference for happiness for confrontation was linked to higher emotion dysregulation in both individuals with BPD and controls. Furthermore, individuals with BPD reported a lower preference for happiness for collaboration than controls.Conclusions. These results support the importance of looking at emotion goals and its link with emotion dysregulation. Interventions targeting maladaptive contextualized goals may represent an important therapeutic window to enhance emotion regulation. Practitioner pointsClinical implications BPD individuals' emotion regulation is linked to maladaptive emotion goals. Helping people at risk to manipulate their emotion goals to be more context sensitive may enhance well-being and serve as a therapeutic tool in practice.[BL-P] and mccaghj@ hope.ac.uk [JM]).

The robustness of these mediation effects suggests potential directions for clinical psychologists and health care practitioners in developing support programs. We supplement our study with Open Access database containing information about type of medication, comorbid mood disorder, and detailed measurement of the severity of BD symptoms for sharing and accumulating multidisciplinary knowledge aiming to support the development of interventions. Addressing psychological aspects of BD will help to manage complex patients effectively.

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