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This study evaluated a multifaceted, organisation-wide practice development (PD) programme in one National Health Service mental health and learning disabilities trust. Method: Individual differences in integrating the Model of Human Occupation in occupational therapists' daily practice were examined through in-depth qualitative, multimethod realistic evaluation. A stratified sample of all occupational therapists (n = 74) was achieved using a self-report survey. Semi-structured interviews at three time points, practice observation and documentation audit continued until saturation appeared highly likely and categories were well elaborated (n = 10). Findings: The findings indicated that environmental contexts, particularly the support of the immediate team, and the therapist's personal circumstances influenced MOHO use. The mechanisms that acted as catalysts for practice change were Building Confidence, Finding Flow, Accumulating Reward, Conferring with Others, Constructing Know-how and Channelling Time. Four stages of MOHO integration, characterised as In the Hangar, On the Runway, Takeoff and In the Air, were identified. Conclusion: Most studies of the uptake of PD treat people as relatively homogeneous, but they are not. Greater attention to individual differences, the mechanisms underpinning successful engagement and influencing contexts may result in better outcomes from PD investments. A degree of tailoring PD approaches to individual circumstances would be beneficial.

BackgroundGender-based violence (GBV) is a significant issue for women and girls in humanitarian settings. Innovative primary prevention programs are being developed and implemented with existing response programs to change harmful social norms that sustain GBV in humanitarian settings. Social norms are expectations of how women, men, girls and boys should behave, who should have power and control over behavior, and how families and communities value women and girls and support their rights and opportunities.MethodsThe United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) led Communities Care program is a primary prevention and response program designed from the understanding that within the context of conflict and displacement, there is an opportunity for positive change in social norms that support gender equity, and decrease GBV. The goal is to support communities in humanitarian settings to create healthy, safe and peaceful environments with quality response services for women and girls by transforming harmful social norms that uphold violence into norms that promote dignity, equity, and non-violence.ConclusionThis manuscript will highlight the use of best practices in GBV research to rigorously evaluate the Communities Care program in two diverse in humanitarian settings, Somalia and South Sudan.

This study examined therapists' perceived impact of using an occupation-focused model in mental health practice. The findings of this study provided promising results. Findings suggest that the utilization of MOHO increases service for clients and professional stature and identity for therapists.

With a systematic and individualized approach to PD in health care, more target PD supports can be put in place.