Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae, in particular Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Neofusicoccum mangiferae and Botryosphaeria dothidea, commonly cause stem cankers, dieback and stem end rot of mangoes worldwide. In the current study, eight taxa of Botryosphaeriaceae were identified as canker-associated fungi, pathogens, potential pathogens or endophytes of mangoes in the Kimberley, Australia. These include Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae, P. ardesiacum, P.kimberleyense, Lasiodiplodia sp. 1, Lasiodiplodia iraniensis and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. The pathogenicity of a selection of these species toward fruit and branches was tested. All were pathogenic to mango in comparison to the control, with Lasiodiplodia spp.being the most pathogenic. It appears that either geographic isolation or the unique growing conditions in the Kimberley may have provided an effective barrier to the acquisition or establishment of known botryosphaeriaceous pathogens. Wounds caused by mechanical pruning may provide an entry point for infection, whilst severe pruning may increase plant stress.

Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is reported for the first time in Australia associated with dieback of mango and common fig. Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae is reported for the first time associated with dieback of mango. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has a wide geographical and host range. For example, it has been reported on Albizia lebbeck,

Four species, Colletotrichum asianum, C. queenslandicum, C. siamense and C. theobromicola, were isolated and identified from several plants species in the Northern Territory, Australia. Some of these fungal associations represent first reports, namely, C. queenslandicum on Passiflora edulis; C. siamense on Artocarpus heterophyllus, Eriobotrya japonica, Ficus carica, Mentha sp., Piper nigrum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Theobroma cacao; and C. theobromicola on Coffea canephora and C. arabica. Colletotrichum asianum was isolated from mango for the first time in the NT. These collections help provide evidence for the absence of Colletotrichum spp. of biosecurity importance in the Northern Territory.

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Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is vectored by cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) and causes Cotton blue disease. This disease results in significant crop losses in commercial cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from several regions of the world. CLRDV was detected using molecular tools in a sample of Sea island cotton (Gossypium barbadense) collected from Timor-Leste.