Conclusions-There is a low prevalence of definitely sexually transmitted organisms in children who might have been abused. Other organisms possibly associated with sexual activity can be identified in this population. Screening for infection should be mandatory in presumed sexually abused girls with vaginal discharge and ideally should be undertaken in all children attending for evaluation of sexual abuse. (Arch Dis Child 1998;79:356-358)

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SUMMARY. This retrospective study considers all referrals received by child health, social services and police of suspected child sexual abuse between the years 1986–1989, within South Glamorgan, Some 410 children were referred and of these 197 were found to have been abused. Of those cases where abuse was not proven, only 63 were judged to be due to false allegations, some of which were considered |malicious. This pattern, of approximately half of referrals being unsubstantiated, is similar to that reported from the United States, where reporting is mandatory. The criteria for diagnosis, and the identifying and presenting features surrounding possible explanations of false allegations are discussed.