Marine biosecurity, the protection of the marine environment from impacts of non-indigenous species, has a high profile in New Zealand largely associated with a dependence on shipping. The Ministry of Fisheries is the lead agency for marine biosecurity and is tasked with managing the risks posed by pests and non-indigenous marine species. Much like the terrestrial environment, multiple pathways provide ample opportunities for new species to arrive. The Marine Biosecurity Team was established in 1998, and under the Biodiversity package delivered by government, has undertaken an ambitious programme to deliver biosecurity outcomes by reducing the knowledge gaps and establishing management frameworks. A Risk Management Framework aids decision-making and operational planning. Despite significant progress, a number of gaps have been identified in our knowledge base, capability, and capacity that require attention.