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The effects of renal failure on children are outlined and current research findings relevant to the physical and psychological effects of the handicap are summarised. The application of a survey of attitudes within a paediatric renal unit are presented and the results discussed in relation to the learning difficulties arising from this condition.Among the points to arise strongly were, first, that the patients as a group have problems arising from their chronic illness which enforces repeated hospital admissions, often from an early age. Some problems may be circumvented by a programme of early intervention for the very young renal patient. Secondly, for the older pupils, there was a need for an education programme which centred o n their social needs. Finally, a programme for the schools should be initiated by the staff of the renal unit t o educate the teachers responsible for the renal patients and their peer group in the nature and effects of renal disease.

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