This article reexamines Durkheim's views on gender relations within the context of nineteenth century French feminism. Durkheim's response to the woman question reflects the sociopolitical discourse on individual rights and responsibilities, the family, and women's roles in the private and public spheres. Durkheim's perspective on gender relations is predicated on a biologically differentiated conception of gender role complementarity that emphasizes the couple, not the individual. This perspective, shared by feminists, is best characterized by the phrase, separate, but equal.

This article discusses the knotty methodological and epistemological issues raised while doing research in rural communities in South Africa. Using entries from the author's field journal and conversations with rural Black women, this article explores the tensions between theory and experience, insiders and outsiders, and writing and orality. Rather than reconciling these tensions, feminist method resides amid the contradictions, wedged in the methodological and epistemological between spaces that open up the possibility of multiple interpretations and dialogue.

While the fields of the sociology of time and the sociology of emotion have grown exponentially, missing from the literature is explicit theorizing on the intersections of emotion and time. In this review article, we begin by examining literature that explores both how time (e.g. temporal control, perceived amount) inf luences emotional responses and how emotions (e.g. emotional intensity, valence) impact perceptions of time. Although such research occurs in a variety of disciplines, much of it fails to look at individuals' active manipulation of time and emotion to produce desired experiences. After discussing the established concepts of emotion work (Hochschild 1979) and time work (Flaherty 2003), we illustrate how two newer concepts -"temporal emotion work" (Lois 2010, 2012) and "emoting time" (Mullaney and Shope 2012) -serve as starting points for thinking about how individuals actively use time in emotion work and emotions in time work. Although much of the thinking to date occurs within the scholarly literature on work and family, we call for more intentional and systematic theorizing about the relationship between time and emotion.As academic subfields, both the sociology of time and the sociology of emotion have grown immensely in recent decades. In exploring the social foundations, negotiations, and consequences of both time and emotion, researchers have cast a wide net, studying the objective and subjective features of these phenomena across a vast number of contexts: identity and the self, interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, family life, education, illness, and a variety of institutions.Despite the insight that has come out of these two subfields, there is little explicit sociological theorizing about the intersections of time and emotion. Perhaps the connection between time and emotion seems obvious, even banal, given the centrality of time and emotion to human experience and the lengths to which individuals "work" to manage both time and emotion. Still, this omission in the literature remains curious since research in sociology and other disciplines hints at the temporal aspects of emotion and the emotional elements of time. For example, efforts to create a particular temporal experience or manage strain through time work are, at their core, attempts to control how time feels (van den Scott 2014, p. 486), implicating emotions in the sociology of time. Likewise, in the literature on emotions, emotion work and emotional labor are largely about time, timing, and temporal context. While the fields of the sociology of emotion and the sociology of time need not overlap, we argue that more explicit attention to the uses of time and emotion in relation to one another offers important insights into the intersections of these fields by showing how individuals actively employ time in "emotion work" (Hochschild 1979) and emotion in "time work" (Flaherty 2003).We begin this article by documenting some of the disparate academic fields where research on the connections between time and emotion is oc...

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