Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is the one of the common childhood laryngeal lesions. The treatment modalities include interim tracheostomy and, where needed, permanent irreversible procedures. We report a case of idiopathic bilateral vocal cord palsy in a child, which was managed effectively by the procedure of suture lateralization of the vocal cord. The procedure, its rarity and follow-up of our case is described. How to cite this article Bhate JJ, Menon UK, Madhumita K. A Stitch in Time. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):31-33.

Breathing difficulty, change in voice and hemoptysis are symptoms that are seen with varying degrees of frequency in the routine ENT OPD. The focus of examination and investigation is usually the larynx in such cases. It is rare for the diagnosis to be a tracheal lesion. We report three cases of uncommon benign tracheal lesions. Our aim is to highlight the presentation of such cases in a tertiary care center, and the relevant modalities of management. How to cite this article Bhate JJ, Deepthi NV, Menon UK, Madhumita K. Rare Benign Tracheal Lesions. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(1):37-40.

Aim and objective To study the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with moderate and severe types of allergic rhinitis (AR). Materials and methods Patients presenting to the ENT OPD of a tertiary care hospital were evaluated using validated tools. Those with symptoms of allergic rhinitis and having a score of >7 using the score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire, were assessed for severity of allergic rhinitis using allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) classification. A total of 210 patients with moderate to severe AR were included. Associated sleep disorders were assessed using self-administered questionnaires-French version (HD 42) and Epworth sleepiness scale score (ESS). The data was compiled into IBM SPSS statistics 2.0 windows and correlated. Results Among 210 patients included in this study, the sleep disorders reported were insomnia in 59%, hypersomnia in 38.6%, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in 2.4% with no gender or age significance (p = 0.153 and 0.173, respectively). A total of 83.3% of patients complained of tiredness on waking up in the morning and 54.3% of patients reported daytime somnolence. Snoring was correlated with OSA and was seen to be higher in males (45%, p = 0.001) and middle aged (42.96 years, p = 0.002). Conclusion There is a significant prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis. Early detection and treatment of these will improve their quality of life. Clinical significance Patients presenting with AR symptoms should be routinely questioned about their sleep quality and daytime somnolence so that early detection and aggressive treatment of AR can help in controlling the resultant sleep disturbances and thereby significantly improve the quality of life in these individuals. How to cite this article Ramachandran C, Bhate JJ, Menon UK, et al. Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in Moderate to Severe Type of Allergic Rhinitis. Indian J Sleep Med 2021;16(1):1–4.

ObjectivesOutcome measures of revision open airway surgery in pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) are reported.MethodsData on 46 pediatric LTS patients undergoing revision open airway surgery were collected retrospectively. The measured outcomes were decannulation rate, time to decannulation, postoperative complications, additional surgery to achieve decannulation, and functional results.ResultsThe most common revision surgery was partial cricotracheal resection (PCTR) in 21/46, followed by extended PCTR (ePCTR) in 20/46, and laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) in 5/46 patients. A 90.7% overall decannulation rate (ODR) and a 74.4% operation‐specific decannulation rate (OSDR) were achieved. Delayed decannulation was identified in children aged 5 years or less (p = 0.038) and in patients with previous primary open airway surgery (p = 0.039). Complications were observed in 52.2% of patients. To achieve optimal airway patency, additional open or endoscopic airway surgeries were necessary in 30.4% and 47.7% of patients, respectively. Age 5 years or less (p = 0.034), multiple comorbidities (p = 0.044), revision ePCTR (p = 0.023), and laryngeal stenting (p = 0.018) were risk factors requiring additional open surgery to achieve age‐appropriate airway. Failed primary open airway surgery (p = 0.034) and comorbidities (p = 0.044) were risk factors for a higher rate of additional endoscopic surgeries. Postoperatively 63.0% of patients achieved normal breathing, 82.2% were dysphonic and 91.1% were orally fed.ConclusionsIn this report, the patient's age under 5 years, previous primary open airway surgery, medical comorbidities, and laryngeal stenting had a significant negative impact on revision open airway surgery outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 2023