A food intake pattern specifying amounts and types of food was created for Canada's revised food guide, Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide (2007), using a two-step modeling process. In step one, food composites were manipulated to develop a food intake pattern. The second step used the step one food intake pattern to create 500 simulated diets for each of 16 age and gender groups. The resulting nutrient content distributions were evaluated relative to Dietary Reference Intake reference values. The modeling cycled between these two steps until a satisfactory pattern was achieved. The final pattern reflects modeling, a review of associations between foods and chronic disease, and input received during consultation.

Body density and skinfold thickness at four sites were measured in 140 normal boys, 168 normal girls, and 6 boys and 7 girls with cystic fibrosis, all aged 8-14 y. Prediction equations for the normal boys and girls for the estimation of body-fat content from skinfold measurements were derived from linear regression of body density vs the log of the sum of the skinfold thickness. The relationship between body density and the log of the sum of the skinfold measurements differed from normal for the boys and girls with cystic fibrosis because of their high body density even though their large residual volume was corrected for. However the sum of skinfold measurements in the children with cystic fibrosis did not differ from normal. Thus body fat percent of these children with cystic fibrosis was underestimated when calculated from body density and invalid when calculated from skinfold thickness.

A food intake pattern specifying amounts and types of food was created for Canada's revised food guide, Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide (2007), using a two-step modeling process. In step one, food composites were manipulated to develop a food intake pattern. The second step used the step one food intake pattern to create 500 simulated diets for each of 16 age and gender groups. The resulting nutrient content distributions were evaluated relative to Dietary Reference Intake reference values. The modeling cycled between these two steps until a satisfactory pattern was achieved. The final pattern reflects modeling, a review of associations between foods and chronic disease, and input received during consultation.

Metabolites of norepinephrine and dopamine were measured in urine from 12 women of normal body weight and from six women undergoing treatment for anorexia nervosa. The women with anorexia nervosa had 48% less body fat (14 +/- 1 versus 27 +/- 1%, p less than 0.001), 9% less fat-free mass (36 +/- 1 versus 40 +/- 1 kg, p = 0.05), and 26% higher energy intake (2217 +/- 147 versus 1750 +/- 43 kcal, p less than 0.01) on collection days compared to the normal weight women. Twenty-four-hour excretions of norepinephrine metabolites, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylglycol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylglycol, and vanilmandelic acid were reduced (p less than 0.01) in anorexia nervosa by 44, 48, and 39%, respectively. Excretion of homovanillic acid, the dopamine metabolite, was the same for both groups. Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylglycol content was best predicted by percentage body fat in the normals (r = 0.63, p less than 0.05) and for both groups combined (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001). Urinary vanilmandelic acid showed a strong relationship with fat-free mass in the normal group (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) and for both groups combined (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001). In contrast, urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylglycol and vanilmandelic acid and energy intakes were only weekly associated in the normals, but unrelated in the anorexics, or when the data from both groups were combined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The effect of obesity and tyrosine (tyr) supplements on catecholamine metabolism in 12 normal weight and nine obese adult women was studied. Protein intake was maintained at 1.4 g protein/kg fat-free mass daily for 4 days with tyr added (0.26 g/kg fat-free mass) to the liquid diet on the last 2 days. In the 12 normal subjects, but not the obese, base-line urinary excretion of the norepinephrine metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethyleneglycol was related to body fat whereas excretion of the norepinephrine metabolite vanilmandelic acid was related to fat-free mass and to total energy intake. Normal subjects responded to tyr with elevations in plasma tyr/neutral amino acid, plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethyleneglycol, urinary vanilmandelic acid, and homovanillic acid, a dopamine metabolite, but not the norepinephrine metabolite, dihydroxy phenylethyleneglycol. The obese showed no increase in plasma or urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethyleneglycol during tyr supplementation, although vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid increased. We conclude that urinary catecholamine metabolite production is related to body composition and to tyr intake in normal weight women. These relationships however, are altered in the obese, suggesting an association of obesity with abnormal catecholamine metabolism.