This article examines the special nature of Te Whāriki, Aotearoa New Zealand’s early childhood national curriculum, as a dynamic social, cultural document through an exploration of two art-inspired imaginary case studies. Thinking with Te Whāriki retains the potential to ignite thinking post-developmentally about art, pedagogy and practice in teacher education, and in the field. It offers examples of how creating spaces for engaging (with) art as pedagogy acts as a catalyst for change, art offers a dynamic way of knowing, and being-with the different life-worlds we inhabit. While new paradigms for thinking and practicing art in education continue to push the boundaries of developmentally and individually responsive child-centred pedagogies, an emphasis on multiple literacies often gets in the way. This prohibits opportunities for engaging in other more complex approaches to pedagogy and art as subject-content knowledge, something essential for developing a rich curriculum framework. The article draws on research that emphasises the importance of teacher education in opening up spaces for thinking about (the history of) art in/and of education as more than a communication/language tool. It considers an inclusive and broad knowledge-building-communities approach that values the contribution that art, artists, and others offer the 21st early learning environments we find ourselves in.

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Plagge in 1886 observed that but few water filters prevented the direct transmission of micro-organisms and that all gave contaminated filtrates after being a few days in operation. This result has been widely confirmed, especially by Woodhead and Wood (1894, 1898), and by Bulloch and Craw (1906). Plagge considered that in the case of those filters which did not permit of the immediate or direct transmission of germs the subsequent failure of the filters was due to the gradual growth of the organisms through the filter mass, a view which has been adopted by v. Esmarch (1902) and is generally accepted.

1. The relation between lethal doses of diphtheria toxin and the times in which they kill guinea-pigs, or lethal times, is approximately such that the lethal dose multiplied by the corresponding lethal time gives a constant value—a hyperbolic relation.2. Deductions with regard to lethal doses from deaths occurring on the first day or on any day after the sixth give such widely divergent results that, in our opinion, they are at present of negligible value.3. Under the ordinary circumstances of standardisation of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin the relation given in conclusion No. 1 is as close an approximation as any alternative likely to prove of practical utility.4. The graphic representation of L+ doses against lethal times gives a straight line relationship.5. Five of the best investigated toxins confirmed Ehrlich's views in so far as that with toxicities diminishing by 50% their neutralising powers remained practically unimpaired.6. The individual sensitivities of guinea-pigs to free diphtheria toxin render any general relation between lethal times and doses of little value when a small number, e.g. 5, of test animals is inoculated.7. Even with a dose of toxin which would, in any ordinary series of tests, be regarded as an L+ dose, 5 out of 33 guinea-pigs survived the sixth day or 15%1, and the m.l.d. of a well-investigated toxin showed similar variations; consequently both the L+ and m.l.d. values of a toxin are not those amounts which kill with certainty in a fixed time, but those which will cause death in that time with the greatest probability.8. After inoculation, guinea-pigs unless suffering from the consequent “shock,” continue to increase in weight throughout the first day, even with doses that may subsequently prove lethal, and with highly toxic doses the variation in weight during this time is of little significance.9. The greater the amount of free toxin injected, the more rapid is the increment in weight followed by a decrement.10. The weight of a test animal at the end of 24 hours after inoculation forms a better normal or origin with which to compare the subsequent time-weight relations than the initial weight before injection.11. On the basis of Conclusion 10 the general connection is found that with increasing amounts of free toxin the position of the maximum loss of weight is gradually transferred from the second to the fifth day for guinea-pigs which survive over six days.12. The time-weight ratios for almost certainly lethal doses give straight line connections, corresponding probably to starvation curves of the guinea-pig.

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