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The operation of a distance relay is a function of source impedance and fault parameters. The performance of a distance relay is quite stable when used for the protection of a strong power system network where the fault current contribution is dominated by synchronous machines. However, their performance is affected when the synchronous machine is replaced by high internal impedance-based generation as seen in the case of renewable energy source (RES) based generating units like solar and wind. The RES results in an observable increase in source to impedance ratio (SIR) and significantly affects the operating performance of a distance relay. The dynamic change in infeed in the RES system leads to overreach and under-reach problems. The dynamic nature of RES arises revision in the reach settings of the distance relay placed in the RES integrated network. This problem is stimulated for a model transmission system in the real-time digital simulator with hardware in loop simulation installed at Central Power Research Institute Bangalore, India. The performance of the relay is studied for high SIR, infeed variation, and load encroachment. Observation and simulation results recommend the rising requirement of an adaptive distance relaying protection scheme that can dynamically manage the relay zone setting as per the operation network configurations.

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