Cachexia is a frequent problem in cancer patients associated with mortality and morbidity since it causes death, reduced therapy effectiveness, as well as decreased quality of life. Cachexia emerges from interactions of several factors, namely metabolic effect of cancer cells, factors released by cancer cells, cytokines release from host cell in response to tumors, and side effects of therapies. Combination of these factors contributes to anorexia, decreased body fat and muscle, and weight loss. Unfortunately, there is no gold standard for treatment of cachexia. Several studies found that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might improve cancer cachexia. It has potential blocking effects on several cachexia underlying factors. It may reverse weight loss, increase lean body mass, and improve the efficacy of therapy and the quality of life. The objective of this literature review is to describe and give basic understanding of EPA as adjuvant for cancer cachexia.

Background: Peptic ulcer disease is commonly found in the community. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin is one of the predisposing factors to ulcers. According to various studies, plant extracts have been shown to produce promising results in the treatment of peptic ulcers. Xanthone, the active substance contained in the mangosteen pericarp extract has been extensively studied for its role in various diseases. The present study was undertaken to identify the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract on gastric mucosal damage.