Abstract. Weinehall L, Johnson O, Jansson J-H, Boman K, Huhtasaari F, Hallmans G, Dahlen GH, Wall S (Umeå University, Skellefteå County Hospital and Luleå-Boden Hospital, Umeå, Sweden). Perceived health modifies the effect of biomedical risk factors in the prediction of acute myocardial infarction. An incident case-control study from northern Sweden. J Intern Med 1998; 243: 99-107.Objectives. To assess the importance of biomedical risk factors, social factors and self-reported health in the prediction of the first event of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in an apparently healthy middleaged population.Design. An incident case-control study. Setting. The study was nested within the Västerbotten Intervention Program and the Northern Sweden MONICA cohorts. Subjects. The study consists of 78 AMI cases with two randomly selected controls per case from the same study cohorts. Results. Significant odds ratios were found for history of diabetes, daily smoking, cholesterol, body-mass index, hypertension, lower education and perceived ill health. In multivariate logistic regression smoking, hypertension and cholesterol of Ն7.8 mmol L Ϫ1 remained significant. An interaction was observed between number of biomedical risk factors and perceived health. Conclusions. Smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia explain a major share of incident AMI events in a Swedish middle-aged population. The study further illustrates that perceived ill health negatively modifies the impact of these risk factors.