Tanaman dalugha (Cyrtosperma merkusii (Hassk.) Schott) merupakan tanaman endemik di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara yang perlu dilindungi dari serangan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan. Karakter morfologi dan Identifikasi hama sangat perlu untuk kajian ilmiah tentang budidaya tanaman endemik dalugha sebagai sumber pangan lokal di Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi dan identifikasi hama pada tanaman dalugha. Lokasi penelitian di desa Moronge, Kecamatan Moronge, Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, pengambilan sampel hama ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Karakter morfologi dan identifikasi hama dilakukan dengan menggunakan buku kunci determinasi serangga hama dan aplikasi google lens dengan tingkat akurasi pengenalan spesies hewan yang tepat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya keragaman hama pada tanaman dalugha yang terbagi dalam tiga kelas: Kelas Gastropoda yaitu Bekicot (Achatina fulica), Keong semak (Bradybaena similaris), Siput hijau (Rhinocochlis nasuta), Siput pita (Caracolus marginella),  Siput kebun (Cornu aspersum), dan Sumpil (Subulina octona);  Kelas Insekta yaitu Belalang hijau (Oxya servile), Jangkrik semak (Tettigonia caudate), Kumbang daun (Asphaera lustrans), Kepik kaki daun tumbuhan (Leptoglossus australis), Kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci), Semut kebun hitam (Lasius niger), Ulat tanduk talas (Theretra oldenlandiae), Kecoa (Periplaneta americana L.), dan Kecoa surinam (Pycnoscelus surinamensis); serta Kelas Oligochaeta yaitu Cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus).Kata kunci: dalugha; hama; identifikasi; morfologi; Sulawesi Utara Morphological Characteristics and Pest Identification on Dalugha Plants (Cyrtosperma merkusii (Hassk.) Schott) in Talaud Islands District, North Sulawesi Province ABSTRACTDalugha plants (Cyrtosperma merkusii (Hassk.) Schott) are endemic plants in North Sulawesi Province which need to be protected from attack by plant-disturbing organisms. Morphological characters and identification of pests are very necessary for scientific studies on the cultivation of endemic plants of dalugha as a local food source in North Sulawesi. This study aims to determine the morphological characters and identification of pests in dalugha plants. The research location is in Moronge Village, Moronge District, Talaud Islands Regency. This study used a qualitative descriptive method, the sampling of pests was determined by purposive sampling technique. Morphological characters and identification of pests were carried out using the key book for insect pest determination and the Google Lens application with an accurate level of recognition of animal species. The results showed that there was a diversity of pests in Dalugha plants which were divided into three classes: Gastropod class namely Bekicot (Achatina fulica), Keong semak (Bradybaena similaris), Siput hijau (Rhinocochlis nasuta), Siput pita (Caracolus marginella), Siput kebun (Cornu aspersum), and Sumpil (Subulina octona); Class Insects are Belalang hijau (Oxya servile), Jangkrik semak (Tettigonia caudate), Kumbang daun (Asphaera lustrans), Kepik kaki daun tumbuhan (Leptoglossus australis), Kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci), Semut kebun hitam (Lasius niger), Ulat tanduk (Theretra oldenlandiae), Kecoa (Periplaneta americana L.), and Kecoa surinam (Pycnoscelus surinamensis) and Oligochaeta class namely Cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus).Keywords: dalugha; identification; morphology; North Sulawesi; pest

Rice bran is known to contain various phytochemical compounds, particularly, vitamin E in the form of tocopherol and tocotrienol that has antioxidant potential. The purpose of this research was to understand the antioxidant capabilities of the crude extract of red variety rice bran from North Sulawesi to inhibit the oxidation process in fortified mayonnaise. Fortified mayonnaise samples with fish oil were incorporated with red variety rice bran (RRB) extract and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) was used as a synthetic antioxidant for comparison. The mayonnaise samples were stored for a period of 30 days and observed for the inhibition of oxidation characteristics. Observations were performed at day 0, 10, 20 and 30 of the storage. Among the analysis conducted during the observations were the formation of conjugated-diene-hydroperoxide, the detection of malonaldehyde (MDA) via TBARS method and the hydroperoxide formation via FTIR chromatogram. The results indicated that the mayonnaise with RRB extract (21.55±0.80 mmol/kg) had a higher inhibition of oxidation at the primary stages of storage compared to mayonnaise with BHT (21.84±1.48 mmol/kg) from the observation in the formation of conjugated-diene-hydroperoxide. While the formation of MDA of mayonnaise with BHT was less (0.23±0.01 mg/kg) compared to mayonnaise with RRB extract (0.24±0.03 mg/kg). The FTIR chromatogram results indicated that the control sample and pure fish oil had peaks beyond 3500 cm -1 (3649 cm -1 , 3673 cm -1 , 3748 cm -1 and 3838 cm -1 ) after 30 days of storage.

In many food industries, glucoamylase is extensively applied because of its ability to convert oligosaccharides into glucose. Recently, mutagenic treatments of Aspergillus awamori have been conducted to improve and enhance glucoamylase production. This research was focused on the study of glucoamylase production by strains of A. awamori after being exposed to ultra-violet (UV) irradiation. The parental strain was cultivated on the PDA plates and treated by exposing under UV lamp from 0 to 90 minutes with the time intervals of 30 min. Solid state fermentation was carried out to produce glucoamylase using cassava peel as a substrate. As compared to all strains, the mutant strain of A. awamori after being treated by 30 min of UV exposure time gave the highest activity of glucoamylase at 5.9 U/ml. The activity was two fold higher than the parental strain. The same mutant strain also reached its maximum value of total protein content at 97.31 µg/ml and 23% higher than parental strain. Glucoamylase production can be achieved and improved by the strain of A. awamori after UV mutagenic treatment.

Rice bran are by products of paddy to rice processing. Confirmed by many researches that rice bran contains various bio-active components, and specifically antioxidants where more than 100 variances of antioxidant. Aside of tocopherols and tocotrienols, oryzanols are active endemic compounds found in rice bran that functions as anti-inflammation even anticancer. Pigmented Paddy was reported to be a source of potential antioxidant because they contain high concentrations of polyphenols and anthocyanine that also has functions as antiinflammation and also reduction of cholesterol in the blood. The purpose of this research was to identify active anthocyanine in crude extracts of Red Variety Rice Bran of North Sulawesi. Previous results have separated component fractions of the crude extracts of red variety rice bran of North Sulawesi based on their levels of polarity (buthanol, hexane and ethyl acetate). This separation process further continued by means of coloumn chromatography with a mobile phase of 1:1 hexane and acetone followed by a thin layer chromatography. Anthocyanine identification was determined by Liquid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry - MS, where the ethyl acetate extract was confirmed as cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) with a molecular weight of 449,1367 kDa.

The necessity for enzyme utilization in various industrial applications and reducing production cost for a more economical process compelled this research to seek for an alternative source of endemic enzyme for various sources cellulotic enzymes. The termites hindgut is known as a fermentor chamber of its own containing bacterial isolates with the potential to induce cellulosic substrates. Series of research have been conducted to obtain cellulolytic potential bacterial isolates characterized biochemically and molecularly. The purpose of this research was to determine the enzyme characters of cellulolytic bacterial from the hindguts of endemic termites of North Sulawesi. Screening results from various bacterial isolates from hindguts of local termites of several regencies from North Sulawesi identified Bacillus cereus from the hindgut of Odontotermes javanicus from South Minahasa (North Sulawesi). This Bacillus cereus isolate had the best cellulolytic potential by exhibiting a cellulolytic index of 1.75 cm on a selective media of CMC, with the best enzyme production on the 6th day with the activity of 0.0054U/ml.