RESUMO O escoamento superficial de áreas urbanas é capaz de transportar poluentes para os sistemas de armazenamento de água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de poluentes no dispositivo de separação inicial, denominado first flush (FF), e no reservatório (RR), conforme as estações do ano, em amostras de água de chuva, por meio da Concentração Média do Evento (CME) e das curvas M(V). A metodologia consistiu na análise de 68 amostras coletadas em um sistema de águas pluviais (SAP) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), entre 2013 e 2019, e no tratamento estatístico de dados. Foram analisados os parâmetros turbidez (TU), sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), alcalinidade (ALC) e cloreto (CLO) nos dispositivos FF e RR. Os resultados indicaram baixa correlação de dados entre os parâmetros e as estações do ano. No verão, a precipitação propiciou maior diluição dos poluentes, em que os parâmetros TU e STD apresentaram valores menores, quando comparado às outras estações do ano, sobretudo em razão da instabilidade atmosférica. Os parâmetros CLO e ALC indicaram elevada ocorrência da primeira carga de lavagem (PCL) na primavera. O FF apresentou uma CME de turbidez de 73 UNT, enquanto no RR o valor foi de 4,3 UNT. Nos demais parâmetros analisados, o comportamento foi similar, de modo a evidenciar a concentração de poluentes no dispositivo FF, como medida de separar o volume inicial escoado superficialmente. Conclui-se que a instalação do FF é fundamental em sistemas de águas pluviais em razão da redução significativa da CME pelo descarte inicial de poluentes no volume armazenado no RR, independentemente da estação do ano.
The purpose of this study is to assess the water quality of the Canal do Anil basin in Rio de Janeiro by taking account of seasonality, as well as quantitative and qualitative factors, based on a multivariate framework designed for the correlation of parameters and environmental conditions. The methodology involves collecting data from water samples at specific points in the basin. The concept of seasonality is represented on a temporal and spatial scale and based on the seasons, rainfall volume, parameters and water quality index. The results showed a worsening of the water quality from upstream to downstream, with a high concentration of total dissolved solids and turbidity, especially in the downstream channel. There is a tendency for greater dilution or movement of pollutants, depending on rainfall intensity, and a little evidence of a close correlation between the parameters analyzed. Climatic seasonality, related to rainfall and the observed flow rate, has an effect on improving water quality, which is aggravated by the high concentration of domestic and industrial pollution. The lack of basic sanitation in the region, especially a sanitary sewage system and a regular collection of solid waste, leads to conditions of environmental degradation in the Canal do Anil basin.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a qualidade da água da chuva a partir da concentração de poluentes depositados em amostras de volumes iniciais precipitados e de volumes armazenados em dois sistemas de águas pluviais, de características distintas, situados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil. A metodologia consistiu em analisar os parâmetros: turbidez, sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), cloreto e alcalinidade em amostras mensais coletadas nos anos de 2017, 2018 e 2019, e em apresentar as curvas de massa de poluentes em função das vazões afluentes e do cálculo da concentração média desses poluentes dos eventos analisados. As curvas elaboradas para os parâmetros turbidez e cloreto mostram a carga total de poluentes e, também, a variação da qualidade da água de chuva em decorrência da lavagem produzida pelos volumes iniciais precipitados. Os valores médios obtidos em relação à turbidez foram: no CAP1: 34,97 UNT no ponto (FF) e 0,65 UNT no ponto (RR); no CAP2: 20,43 UNT no (FF) e 0,92 UNT no (RR). A partir desses resultados, o trabalho conclui que a intensidade da chuva e o tipo do material de captação das águas pluviais influenciam na remoção de poluentes depositados na superfície do telhado e que a qualidade de amostras coletadas em sistemas de águas pluviais melhora significativamente com a utilização de filtros de retenção de sedimentos e do descarte dos volumes iniciais precipitados.
Critical periods and abnormal rainfall events have been observed in the South-East of Brazil, and this has affected both the amount and quality of the volume of water in the water supply systems. This study seeks to assess the influence of seasonal factors on the quality of rainfall at a water treatment plant, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ. The methodology involved collecting rainfall samples between January 2017 and December 2018, at four specific points in the system: first flush 1 (FF1), first flush 2 (FF2), void volume (VV) and reservoir (RR). The parameters were analyzed statistically and followed seasonal patterns for each of the seasons of the year, and included: pH, turbidity, electric conductivity, total of alkalinity and chloride. The results suggest that there is an urgent need to dispose of the initial volume stored in the devices of the first flush. The water contained in the tank was of a satisfactory standard for non-drinkable purposes despite the effects of seasonality on the quality of the rainfall water. A multivariate statistical correlation analysis made it possible to assess the influence of the seasons of the year on the quality of pluvial water.
The main aim of this study was to assess the determining factors, such as storage capacity, water quality and public policies, involved in the publication of scientific articles. It also sought to investigate the influence of Brazilian legislation on particular systems for harnessing rainfall in Brazil. The methodology entailed conductinga bibliographical research of the municipal, State and federal legislation in force in Brazil for the governance of technical standards and the scientific articles about the harvesting of rainwater. A total of 6 technical standards were analyzed, together with 56 legal referrals and 63 articles from national and international periodicals taken from the Google Cloud Platform for Education, SciELO, Science Direct and CAPES, and based on the principal keywords such as a “system for harnessing rainfall” and “rainwater harvesting systems”. The results show that the works that predominated were studies on the qualitative and quantitative features of rainfall and that around 80% of the publications analyzed, addressed/made use of the main legislative instruments with regard to storage, water quality and the construction and operation of systems.All the Brazilian States with the exception of three (Minas Gerais, Roraima and Pará), have at least one incentive policy for the creation or installation of catchment systems, storage and the harvesting of rainwater in the country. It can be concluded that the laws sanctioned in Brazil for rainwater are of recent origin and that they provide mechanisms for offering incentives and ensuring their enforcement in accordance with technical criteria. However, they need updating so that there can be a broader understanding of the question of how policies for the management of water operate in the country.
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