Artificial intelligence co-creation in the public sector This article assesses the steps of AI co-creation in the public innovation ecosystem. However, in order to understand AI in the right context, two aims need to be fulfilled first. The limits and possibilities of AI in public administration are assessed by examining the contributions of AI research, phenomenology and philosopher Hubert Dreyfus. According to the article, the simpler the rules, the better for AI. Therefore, hierarchical and bureaucratic structures are best for AI application. However, bureaucratic structures are poor in innovating and exploration – AI innovations included. After this, co-creation is introduced as a way of innovating AI in the public sector. For identifying new opportunities for co-production, different forms of cross-sectoral and citizen involvement are needed.

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Changing public administration and guidelines for working life competencies in Finnish higher education What are the requirements of working life in the public administration in the future? What working life skills should be emphasized in national education of Public Administration? The results of the article base upon four empirical research materials: (1) a study based on anticipatory material, (2) a survey, (3) a workshop, and (4) an expert panel on working life requirements in public administration. The findings are analysed and construed with reference to international and national literature. The results emphasize change, transformation ability, networking public administration, phenomenon-based orientation, collaboration and customer orientation. Keywords: public administration education, competencies, working life skills, development

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The complexity of integrity policies in administrative systems According to the article, regulating administrative ethics is becoming increasingly complex. This article is based on a survey commissioned by the European Parliament on conflict of interest policies and their effectiveness in the EU Member States. The trends of administrative ethics are grounded on the growth of ethics bureaucracy, individualization of integrity policies – and broadening of the concepts such as conflict of interest. This kind of conceptualization indicates that unethical behaviour is linked to ever-widening areas of life, which in turn can complicate the design, implementation, and effectiveness of integrity policies. Also, systemic differences were found. The EU Member States, determined by a traditional bureaucratic system, regulate conflicts of interest through more detailed laws than the EU Member States whose systems are based more on managerial management practices. However, hybrid systems stand out as the most widely regulated.