Mechanical systems with combustion engines, compressors, pumps and fans, can be characterized as torsional oscillating mechanical systems (TOMS). It is therefore necessary to control their dangerous torsional vibrations. It was confirmed that dangerous torsional vibration can be reduced to acceptable level by an appropriate adjustment, respectively by tuning the TOMS. According to several authors, the most appropriate way of system tuning is application of suitable flexible element, which is flexible shaft coupling. It turned out that one of the types of shaft couplings, which are particularly suited to meeting this objective are pneumatic flexible shaft couplings, to act as so-called pneumatic tuners of torsional oscillations. The issue of research and development of pneumatic tuners of torsional oscillations, among other things is, long-term in the focus of the author. The existence of tuners creates the opportunity to develop new ways of tuning torsional oscillating mechanical systems. The author of the scientific article will focus on the characteristics of developed pneumatic tuners of torsional oscillation in terms of their design, construction, function, significance advantages and conditions imposed on pneumatic tuners based on the results of his patent activity. Simultaneously provides information about the characteristic properties of pneumatic tuners of torsional oscillations in the general design.

Drives of mechanical systems consist of driving machines and gearing mechanisms connected together by means of shafts and couplings. With regard to the dynamics it is possible to say that every driving mechanism is a system, which is able to oscillate. Especially piston machines are able to create dangerous and harmful torsional oscillations, vibrations, as well as noisiness. Important task of designer is reduction of torsional oscillations in mechanical system. Presently this problem is solved predominately with a suitable adjustment of dynamic properties of flexible shaft couplings with regard to the dynamic properties of given system. It means that every torsionally oscillating mechanical system needs to be tuned suitably. The main purpose of this paper is presentation of controlling possibilities of dangerous torsional oscillations of mechanical systems by means of a new method, i.e. its optimal tuning by means of pneumatic coupling with self-regulation, developed by us. KEYWORDSdangerous torsional oscillations, tuning of mechanical system, behaviour of optimal tuning of the system, pneumatic coupling with self-regulation -pneumatic tuner.

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Summary. Dangerous vibrations of mechanical systems' components are causes of failures and reduction in service life, as well lead to negative effects on the environment and the health of operators. In order to reduce these unwanted vibrations, it is necessary to pay attention to the proper design of components in mechanical systems. The aim of this article is based on the experimental measurements and demonstration of the effects of different types of flexible couplings on the size of vibration in a gearbox that forms part of a mechanical system.

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