Behavioral researchers have employed hypermedia-based software applications in their experiments for some time. More recently, interest in the World-Wide Webhas developed among researchers in the social sciences, and popular use ofthis new medium continues to grow at an incredible rate. This paper describes Listener, a tool developed to log users' hypermedia and World-Wide Webnavigation behavior using Apple Macintosh computers in a laboratory setting. Listener is able to capture navigation actions through cached documents, overcoming some of the problems associated with analyzing standard web server logs.The growth of widespread use of the World-Wide Web (WWW) in recent years has spurred researchers in humancomputer interaction to focus on usability issues regarding hypermedia (Cockburn & Jones, 1996). Important usability issues arise when one considers how people will navigate through this immense pool of hypermediabased information. To help investigate such usability issues, we developed Listener to collect information about hypermedia navigation activity in a nonobtrusive fashion. Listener was designed for use in a laboratory environment to keep track of the user's step-by-step navigation through hypermedia spaces at the information-request level. Listener currently works on the Macintosh Operating System 7.5.1 (MacOS) with one family of browsers, specifically those produced by Netscape. Rather than being used to focus on the features ofdifferent browsers, however,Listener is designed to evaluate hypermedia navigation using embedded navigation objects (i.e., links). By performing research at the more standard level of the hypermedia itself, results will generalize beyond the context of a particular browser's use to hypermedia navigation behavior in general.Hypermedia navigation is inherently sequential. Sequential data have long been used to investigate humanmachine interaction, and thus other tools have been developed to accomplish this goal. These methods have included both direct external observation and background electronic monitoring. Many methods of direct observation and analysis of human-machine interaction behavior, collectively termed exploratory sequential data analysis (ESDA) by Sanderson and Fisher (1994), have recently grown in popularity with advances in the use of computerized tools such as MacSHAPA
The Michigan Aging Services System, a World Wide Web-based information system, was developed for practicing gerontologists in the state of Michigan. A participatory design framework adapted from the software development literature guided the development process. Users from Michigan's aging network participated in the development process. Design data were collected using multiple techniques. The system's content was developed with extensive input from actual users.
The Internet, and in particular the World Wide Web (WWW), are growing at a tremendous rate. Information useful to researchers and practitioners in gerontology is scattered and hard to locate, even for experts in the use of the WWW. In order to locate and organize access to this material, a WWW server was developed for gerontologists, using state-of-the-art Internet search techniques. This report provides background on the WWW, reasons for its growth, its potential usefulness to gerontologists, and the results of an exhaustive search of over 300 potential sites. Relevant information was discovered in 5 general categories of gerontology-related information: academic institutions, government agencies, biomedical and health research institutions, general interest sites and data archives.
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