The FOUR Scale showed greater reliability than the GCS in ED patients using ED clinicians as raters. A larger study of ED patients is warranted to determine the predictive validity of the FOUR Scale and to further examine the reliability of the scale in various patient populations.

The use of laparoscopic GHRs has increased considerably over the last 15 years. Despite the increased use, significant state-based and gender discrepancies were observed. Our data offer insight to the public sector and the respective healthcare-related expenditures pertaining to laparoscopic hernia repair.

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence of infertility, pregnancy complications, and breastfeeding practices among Australian and New Zealand doctors and identify factors associated with increased pregnancy complication rates.MethodsA survey of ANZ doctors using an online questionnaire during November 2021.ResultsOne thousand ninety-nine completed responses were received. The median age of female doctors at the time of their first child was 32.4. Fertility testing was undertaken by 37%, with 27% having in vitro fertilization. More than 60% of respondents delayed family planning due to work. Pregnancy loss occurred in 36% of respondents, and 50% suffered a pregnancy complication. There were significant differences between specialists, with surgeons working longer hours before and after pregnancy, but having greater access to maternity leave than general practitioners.ConclusionFemale doctors delay starting and completing their family due to work-related demands and structural biases in career progression, which may result in higher infertility and pregnancy complication rates.