Empathy, the ability to understand other people, plays a key role in successfully supporting people with disabilities in their daily lives. Although in general most people are empathic, it is usually necessary to release empathy. This is most simply achieved by means of empathy tests that simulate different forms of disability and the difficulties that disabled people experience in their daily activities due to this impairment. The paper describes simple tests and their impact on changing attitudestowards people with disabilities and ways of supporting them.Key words:empathy, people with disabilities, support, education.

Tjelesna aktivnost neophodan je dio svakodnevnog života. Ovo istraživanje se provelo anonimnom online anketom na 388 studenata Sveučilišta u Rijeci. Istraživanje je pokazalo da su studenti Sveučilišta u Rijeci većinom nedovoljno tjelesno aktivni te da su studenti područja Biomedicine i zdravstva statistički značajno manje tjelesno aktivni od studenata područja Prirodnih i Tehničkih znanosti te Društvenih i Humanističkih znanosti. Većina ispitanika smatra tjelesnu aktivnost važnom, ali ne postoji statistički značajna razlika o percepciji važnosti među studentima različitih područja studija. Većina ispitanika osjeća se bolje nakon redovite tjelesne aktivnosti.

Healthy bones are constantly being renewed and proper nutrition is an important factor in this process. Anti-inflammatory diet is designed to improve health and prevent the occurrence and development of chronic diseases associated with inadequate diet. Proper nutrition is based on the anti-inflammatory pyramid and changes in poor eating habits are the long-term strategy for preventing inflammation and chronic diseases. Inflammatory factors from food may play a role in the development of osteoporosis and an anti-inflammatory diet may be a way to control and reduce long-term inflammation and prevent bone loss. Pro-inflammatory cytokines from the fat tissue, through activation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system could intervene with bone metabolism in a way of increased bone loss. Therefore the special attention need to be given to obese patients due to twofold risk, one related to pro-inflammatory cytokines release and the other related to the deprivation of the vitamin D in the fat tissue.

Uvod: Pojava nove zarazne bolesti koja pogađa dišni sustav čovjeka, odnosno COVID 19, zahvatila je čitav svijet, a time i sve sfere društva u pozitivnom i negativnom smislu. Zbog njezinog brzog širenja donesene su pojedine odluke u Republici Hrvatskoj, a kasnije i pojava različitih vrsta cjepiva na tržištu. Cilj istraživanja: Istraživanje ima u cilju istražiti i prikazati pojave bolesti COVID-19 među sportskim osobljem u svrhu dobivanje konkretnih podataka i stjecanje uvida na koji način COVID-19 ima utjecaj na osoblje u paraplivanju. Osim toga, želi se istražiti broj ispitanika koji imaju dijagnozu kronične bolesti i preboljen COVID-19 te broj cijepljenih ispitanika s bilo kojom dozom, a koji su preboljeli COVID-19. Ispitanici i metode: Ukupno 47 pristupnika ankete iz sporta paraplivanja čini prigodni uzorak ovog istraživanja. Istraživanje je provedeno za vrijeme natjecanja „Otvoreno prvenstvo Hrvatske u paraplivanju“ koje se održalo u Splitu 26. ožujka 2022. godine. Koristila se nestandardizirana anketa koja je sadržavala ukupno 10 pitanja izrađenih za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Za testiranje hipoteze korišten je neparametrijski test, odnosno hi-kvadrat test za jedan uzorak, dok je statistička značajnost za sve hipoteze prikazana kao 0,05 (5%). Rezultati: Pomoću hi-kvadrat testa pokazalo se da postoji statistički značajna razlika između skupine koja je preboljela COVID-19 i skupine koja nije preboljela COVID-19, a između skupine sportskog osoblja s dijagnozom kronične bolesti i preboljenim COVID-19 i skupine sportskog osoblja koji nemaju dijagnozu kronične bolesti i imaju preboljeni COVID-19 pokazalo se da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika. Nadalje, testiranjem treće hipoteze koja se pokazala statistički značajnom po pitanju razlike među skupinom sportskog osoblja koje se cijepilo s bilo kojom dozom i skupinom sportskog osoblja koje se nije cijepilo. Zaključak: Za potreba kvalitetnijeg i konkretno donošenje zaključka o utjecaju bolesti COVID-19 na osoblje u sportu poželjno je proširiti istraživanje i na druge sportove u Republici Hrvatskoj.

Introduction. COVID-19 pandemic increased consumption of alcohol (including harmful drinking – HD), and decreased physical activity levels (PAL) globally, but there is an evident lack of studies examining the problem in the post-pandemic period. This study aimed to evaluate gender-specific associations between sport participation and PAL (independent variables), and HD (dependent variable) among college/university students during the first post-pandemic year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods. The participants were college/university students, aged 18 to 21 years (n = 788; 409 females) from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. They were tested on socio-demographic factors, HD (using the AUDIT scale), sport participation and PAL (using the IPAQ questionnaire). Analysis of variance, Chi square test, and t-test for independent samples were used to evaluate differences, while logistic regression with dichotomized criterion (HD vs. non-harmful drinking – NHD) was calculated to establish associations between independent and dependent variables. Results. T-test indicated significant differences between HD and NHD in PAL (t-test = 2.16, p = 0.02), but only in males. Also, logistic regression indicated a significant correlation between PAL and HD in males (OR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.11-1.76), while no association was evidenced: (i) between sport participation and HD (in both males and females), and (ii) between PAL and HD (in females). Conclusions. Results indicated that an overall increase in PAL could be helpful in decreasing HD among college/university students; however, to evaluate it more specifically, prospective analyses are needed.