It is commonly understood that preservation of Lithium-ion battery life comes at the expense of charge time. In this manuscript a novel real time charging framework has been developed that charges the battery in a time as fast as the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) protocol while ensuring minimum loss of cycle life. The framework consists of a reduced order electrochemical model integrated with an optimization routine. The charge profile adapts to the battery state of charge and health in real time and is amenable for on-device implementation. Cycle life benefits of the novel adaptive charging profile are compared with traditional CC-CV charging of commercial Lithium-ion batteries cycled until end of life. In addition to the running capacity, battery health is also compared at a low probe C-rate(C/5) to assess the benefits in minimizing irreversible losses. A differential voltage analysis of Probe (C/5 rate) reveals that adaptive charging is able to eliminate the loss of active material (LAM) that is seen typically at advanced cycles. The framework is implemented on a mobile device and shows a substantial benefit in battery life without any penalty on the charge time.

produced with oil usually contain high bicarbonate concentrations. The solubility of these bicarbonates depends upon the quantity of carbon dioxide held in solution which, in turn, is largely dependent on the temperature, pressure, and composition of the water. As the water is produced, much of the carbon dioxide is liberated as a result of the reduction in pressure; the bicarbonates decompose to form carbonates, particularly the calcium salt, in excess of its solubility: Ca(HC03)2 <=* CaCOs (solid) f + C02 t + H20