We studied apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) metabolism in a series of non-hepatic cell lines (HT29 colon adenocarcinoma, HeLa cervical epithelioid carcinoma, and 1321N1J astrocytoma human cell lines) and in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. ApoB mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in each non-hepatic cell line. ApoB was detected in HepG2 cells by immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry using a polyclonal anti-human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) antibody, an anti-human apoB peptide antibody, and several monoclonal anti-apoB antibodies. ApoB was identified in the three non-hepatic cell lines by each method using the anti-apoB peptide and monoclonal antibodies, but not with the anti-LDL antibody. Immunocytochemistry indicated that epitopes of apoB were evident throughout the endoplasmic reticulum, and gel mobility of newly labeled apoB and immunoblot with anti-ubiquitin showed that apoB was highly ubiquinated in non-hepatic cells. The observations that apoB is synthesized in non-hepatic cell lines but never recognized by the anti-LDL antibody suggests that apoB is not processed into a nascent lipoprotein in these cells. Immunocytochemical localization of apoB epitopes at many locations throughout non-hepatic cells raises the exciting possibility that apoB can be used for other purposes in these cells.

Dismounted warfighters face a variety of environmental and physical challenges that can degrade performance and lead to serious injury. Real-time monitoring of physiological status can be a key component of reducing these risks. To these ends, a Real-Time Physiological Status Monitoring (RT-PSM) system named OBAN (Open Body Area Network) is being developed. This system utilizes an Open Systems Architecture approach which will allow for the inclusion of new sensor modalities and display form factors at low cost. A prototype has been built using both Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and custom-designed sensors to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. The current system accepts heart rate data from a commercial sensor to calculate the subject's Physiological Strain Index (PSI), which is an indication of susceptibility to heat injury, and data from custom, bootmounted load sensors. COTS components were adapted to create the system's networking and computational modules. Limitations of the existing prototype are described and a path forward addressing the operational needs of warfighters is proposed.

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Usage of mobile commercial communication devices is continually increasing. However, these devices require a fixed infrastructure and do not function in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) characterized by large delays or disruptions. Furthermore, these devices do not support the emerging communications needed when the location of information publishers and consumers is unknown (e.g., content centric communication models). To provide these capabilities, the paper presents an architecture that overlays content-centric and hostcentric delay tolerant algorithms over a MANET. For validating the architecture, we provide a proof-of-concept implementation on Android phones as the illustrative mobile device and WiFi as the illustrative protocol, and we test the architecture in two field demonstrations.

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