Introduction: The primary and definitive diagnosis of meningioma is based on histological assessment; however, employing imaging methods, like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is very helpful to describe lesion’s characteristics. Accordingly, we decided to study the effect of imaging factors, like MRI data on the volume of hemorrhage (estimated blood loss) during meningioma surgery. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study. The eligible patients were those with meningioma who were candidates for surgery. A total of 40 patients with meningioma were selected and assessed. The preoperative imaging findings were recorded, then estimated blood loss during the surgery was determined Results: A reverse association was revealed between the degree of proximity to the nearest sinus and the rate of bleeding. Furthermore, the size of the mass was positively associated with the rate of bleeding; however, there was no significant correlation between the volume of bleeding and other parameters, including the degree of edema, the volume of mass, the site of the tumor in the brain, and the histological subtype of the tumor. The mean time of operation was strongly correlated with blood loss. The rate of bleeding was more expected in hypertensive versus normotensive patients. Conclusion: Bleeding in various volumes could be a frequent finding in intracranial meningioma surgery. Overall, tumor size, the duration of surgery, a history of hypertension, and distance to the nearest sinuses were the main determinants for the severity of hemorrhage in patients undergoing meningioma surgery.

Objective: The phenomenon of multilingualism has been one of the main problems of Iranian society. In our country, every year a large number of students enter primary school with fluency in their ethnic and native language and with little knowledge of Persian. But from the past up to now, our educational system has treated all children in the same language and has considered them all Persian-speaking. The present study aimed to semantically represent the lived experiences of bilingual (Baluch) primary school students in Persian language education.n Materials and Methods: The approach of the present study is qualitative research and phenomenological method has been used and its data have been collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using the thematic content analysis method. Participants in this study were primary school students in Saravan who were selected by purposive sampling method from the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades of elementary school who were studying in 2019-2020.0 Discussion and Conclusion: In-depth analysis of students' perspectives leads to the identification and categorization of seven organizing themes, including: students' attitudes toward school with three basic themes: educational place, emotional-social place and educational place; effects of native language application in school with three basic themes of meaningful learning, deep perception and strong feeling; barriers to use the native language in school with the basic theme of costing native language education; the position of the native language in school with four basic themes: informal using, insignificant using, compulsion to use the official language and ignoring the native language; The initial feeling of entering school with two basic themes of negative emotions and defense mechanisms; the effects of not using native language in school with three basic themes of superficial learning, weakness in learning and negative emotions and the position of native language with two basic themes were respected and identified.d