The longhorn beetles belongs to family Cerambycidae. The beetles are present in almost all ecosystems, except the ocean and Polar Regions. They are most the important biological control agents into agro-ecosystems. The beetles help in the biological control they eat extensive assortments of tree dwelling, soil dwelling insects and also eat caterpillars, maggots, aphids, bug, ants, wasp. Long horned beetles were gathered from different sites (agricultural fields and their surrounding vegetation) of district Naushahro Feroze with insect net (7.79 cm in diameter and 49.9 cm in length) and hand picking. A of 234 specimens were captured from October 2018 to July 2019. The material was identified into 07 species out of 06 genera. Of which Batocera rubus (Linnaeus, 1758), New Record from Sindh, Batocera rufomaculata (Charles De Geer, 1775), New Record from Sindh, Apriona cinerea (Chevrolat, 1852), New Record from Sindh, Archopalus exoticus (Sharp, 1905), New Record from Pakistan Macrotoma crenata (Fabricius, 1801), New Record from Pakistan, Prionus corpulantus (Bates, 1878) New Record from Sindh, Dorysthenes hugelii (Redtenbacher, 1848), New Record from Pakistan. The highest ratio of specimens were recorded from Mehrabpur and lowest ratio of specimens were recorded from Moro.

Purpose: Κ-casein, or kappa casein, is a mammalian milk protein involved in several important physiological processes. Chymosin splits K-casein into an insoluble peptide (para kappa-casein) and a water-soluble glycomacropeptide (GMP). GMP is responsible for increased efficiency of digestion, prevention of neonate hypersensitivity to ingested proteins, and inhibition of gastric pathogens. The gene underlying the production of kappa-casein in cow's Milk shows polymorphisms which affect the amount of protein produced. Higher levels of kappa-casein are associated with increased milk protein and casein content and better cheese yield. Method: The current study aimed to identify the genetic mutations among three indigenous cattle breeds of Sindh, Pakistan. A particular set of primers amplified the targeted area of the K-CASEIN gene after genomic DNA extraction from blood samples of the three cattle breeds, namely Cholistani cattle breed, Tharri, and Sahiwal. Findings: The amplified PCR products were sequenced using the ABI Genetic Analyzer 3500; a BioEdit version 7.2 was used to examine the sequencing data. Using the ensemble gene browser, blast analysis was also performed. Practical Implication: Results revealed 18 mutations in all 03 cattle breeds, including 07 mutations in the Cholistani cattle breed; the Tharri cattle breeds had 06 mutations, and the Sahiwal cattle breeds had 05 mutations. Results of this study of the K-CASEIN gene suggested that Cholistani cattle breeds are more genetically varied than the Sahiwal cattle breeds. Conclusion: Furthermore, the Sahiwal cattle breed is more diverse than the Thari cattle breed for the said gene. Keywords: K-Casein gene, Sahiwal cattle breed, Thari cattle breed, Cholistani cattle breed, Polymorphism

The original calpain structure involved three molecules: two Ca2 + -dependent proteases, mucalpain and m-calpain, and a third peptide. Calpastatin is an endogenous protein macromolecule that has a significant effect on calpain. In addition, calpain activity is believed to be affected by free calcium concentration due to the presence of calpain inhibitor substances. μ-related degreed m-calpain is a heterodimer conferred by the indivisible 28-kDa fractional unit of currency and an 80-kDa subunit that shares 55-65% sequence similarity in both proteases. In human order, there are fourteen calpain genes. The most studied calpain, known as calpain, is ubiquitous. Calpains play an important role in the characterization of macromolecules, leading to improved meat quality after slaughter. Although macromolecular deprivation in muscle atrophy is improved, and muscle growth rate is limited. This review summarizes the standard features of some of the calpain frameworks as well as the importance of the animal science calpain framework

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