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Consensus on the standardization of terminology in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and related thrombotic microangiopathies. Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Running title: Terminology in TTP and TMAsKey words: ADAMTS-13 protein, human; thrombocytopenia; diagnosis, differential; thrombotic microangiopathy; thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Essentials• An international collaboration provides a consensus for clinical definitions.• This concerns thrombotic microangiopathies and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).• The consensus defines diagnosis, disease monitoring and response to treatment.• Requirements for ADAMTS-13 are given. Abstract:Background Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are two important acute conditions to diagnose. Thrombotic Microangiopathy is a broad pathophysiological process that leads to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and involves capillary and small vessel platelet aggregates. The most common cause being disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which may be differentiated by abnormal Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. IntroductionThe elucidation of the pathophysiology of TTP and HUS, in the past 20 years, has transformed our understanding of the phenotypes, genotypes and therapies for these life-threatening conditions. Work on standardization has been addressed [1], but this document aims to develop robust criteria for future clinical use, studies and trials.Clinical and pathophysiologic features of TTP, atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) and disorders with similar presentations, their investigation and subsequent management vary. This consensus document aims to rationalize and standardize definitions. Conditions often included in the initial differential diagnosis of TTP are discussed. Definitions for remission, refractory and relapsing disease are defined.ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) assays are central to diagnosis and are discussed. We therefore also describe the minimum requirements for validation of current and future assays. Methods:The development of this document involved key international, primarily clinical, experts in TTP and related TMAs. Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Hemostasis (ISTH) and American Society of Hematology (ASH) and all versions of the document have been reviewed and edited by the authors. Articles were identified by a computer-assisted search of the literature published in English using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database. The authors also undertook a focused review of the available literature. Where there was a lack of robust evidence, the international working group concluded a consensus-based approach was preferable. The conclusions are relevant to both children and adults. Thrombotic MicroangiopathyThe term TMA is a pathological term used to describe occlusive micro...

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PURPOSE Assessing measurable residual disease (MRD) has become standard with many tumors, but the clinical meaning of MRD in multiple myeloma (MM) remains uncertain, particularly when assessed by next-generation flow (NGF) cytometry. Thus, we aimed to determine the applicability and sensitivity of the flow MRD-negative criterion defined by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG). PATIENTS AND METHODS In the PETHEMA/GEM2012MENOS65 trial, 458 patients with newly diagnosed MM had longitudinal assessment of MRD after six induction cycles with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRD), autologous transplantation, and two consolidation courses with VRD. MRD was assessed in 1,100 bone marrow samples from 397 patients; the 61 patients without MRD data discontinued treatment during induction and were considered MRD positive for intent-to-treat analysis. The median limit of detection achieved by NGF was 2.9 × 10−6. Patients received maintenance (lenalidomide ± ixazomib) according to the companion PETHEMA/GEM2014MAIN trial. RESULTS Overall, 205 (45%) of 458 patients had undetectable MRD after consolidation, and only 14 of them (7%) have experienced progression thus far; seven of these 14 displayed extraosseous plasmacytomas at diagnosis and/or relapse. Using time-dependent analysis, patients with undetectable MRD had an 82% reduction in the risk of progression or death (hazard ratio, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.30; P < .001) and an 88% reduction in the risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.29; P < .001). Timing of undetectable MRD (after induction v intensification) had no impact on patient survival. Attaining undetectable MRD overcame poor prognostic features at diagnosis, including high-risk cytogenetics. By contrast, patients with Revised International Staging System III status and positive MRD had dismal progression-free and overall survivals (median, 14 and 17 months, respectively). Maintenance increased the rate of undetectable MRD by 17%. CONCLUSION The IMWG flow MRD-negative response criterion is highly applicable and sensitive to evaluate treatment efficacy in MM.