Liquid-based antennas promise to overcome crucial limitations of traditional solid-based ones. Here, we describe different liquid antenna technologies that can be used to build arrays with the unprecedented flexibility and adaptivity needed to enable an evolution in wireless communications. We focus on two approaches which use either metallic or non-metallic liquids as radiating elements. In both cases, the resulting devices can be reconfigured dynamically, thus, modifying the radiation parameters of an antenna in real time in an inexpensive way. To that end, we describe some of the challenges that arise when integrating such antennas as part of a whole communication system. We discuss the solutions adopted in some initial prototypes and summarize some of the problems that need to be solved to pave the way for integrating fully reconfigurable liquid antenna arrays in wireless communication systems.

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