A study was conducted to measure residues of 13 organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, widely used as dairy cattle ectoparasiticides or in crops used for animal feed, in homogenized and pasteurized Mexican milk samples. Four different milk brands with high distribution were collected biweekly during a 12 month period (n = 96) in supermarkets. OP pesticide residues were measured by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector. Approximately 39.6% of the samples contained detectable levels of OP pesticide residues. Eight samples contained residues exceeding established maximum residue limits (MRL), and the OP pesticides present in these samples were dichlorvos (five samples), phorate, chlorpyrifos, and chlorfenvinphos (one sample, respectively). Average residues of 13 OP pesticides measured were below established MRLs ranging between 0.0051 and 0.0203 ppm.
The partial trisomy 13q.22 is an uncommon chromosomopathy. We present a case with a partial trisomic component 13q22 and a monosomic component 5p15 from paternal origin. This patient developed early menopause and major neurological disorders as leukoencephalopathy, late onset generalised epilepsy and stroke. She also had fatty acids disturbances and their potential relation to the neurological disorders and early menopause is discussed. The presented case illustrates the phenotype of 13q22-qter in adult age and reaffirms the importance of studying the karyotype of any patient with seizures or leukoencephalopathy particularly when there are associated other clinical features including stroke at a young age, fatty acids disturbances, microcephaly, hypotelorism, short neck, hemangiomata, short fingers or distal swell in thumbs.
FORMACIÓN DE PRECIOS EN LA INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA DE MÉXICORe sul ta dos de una en cues ta* Vi cen te Cas ta ñón, Jo sé Anto nio Mu ri lloy Ja vier Sa las** RESUMENEn es te ar tícu lo se iden ti fi ca los orí ge nes y ti pos de ri gi de ces de pre cios que se presen tan en la in dus tria ma nu fac tu re ra me xi ca na. Así, con esa fi na li dad, du ran te el se gun do se mes tre de 2005 se le van tó una en cues ta en la que par ti ci pa ron 398 empre sas de di cho sec tor. Des ta can del aná li sis co rres pon dien te los si guien tes re sul tados. Pri me ro, las em pre sas man tie nen en pro me dio sus pre cios sin cam bio du ran te un pe rio do cer ca no a seis me ses. Se gun do, la ma yor par te de ellas re vi sa sus pre cios en un lap so pre de ter mi na do; sin em bar go, an te el efec to de per tur ba cio nes sig ni fica ti vas, más de la mi tad de las com pa ñías en cues ta das sue le mo di fi car es ta es tra tegia al efec tuar re vi sio nes con tin gen tes al com por ta mien to de las va ria bles que afec tan su es ta do de re sul ta dos. Ter ce ro, la in fle xi bi li dad de los pre cios se aso cia en la ma yor par te de los ca sos a los cos tos de pro duc ción y a la exis ten cia de con tra tos EL TRIMESTRE ECONÓMICO, vol. LXXV (1), núm. 297, ene ro-mar zo de 2008, pp. 143-181 1 * Cla si fi ca ción JEL: E30, D40, L11. Pa la bras cla ve: ri gi dez de pre cios, in dus tria ma nu fac tu re ra, reac ción asi mé tri ca de pre cios, re vi sión de pre cios tiem po de pen dien te, re vi sión de pre cios es ta do depen dien te. Artícu lo re ci bi do el 4 de di ciem bre de 2006 y acep ta do el 21 de mar zo de 2007. ** Los au to res se de sem pe ñan como fun cio na rios de la Di rec ción de Pre cios, Sa la rios y Pro duc ti vidad del Ban co de Mé xi co. La res pon sa bi li dad de las opi nio nes ex pre sa das en este do cu men to es ex clusi va de los au to res y no for zo sa men te coin ci den con las del Ban co de Mé xi co. Se agra de cen los va lio sos co men ta rios de Da niel Chi quiar, Car los Ca pis trán, de los par ti ci pan tes del se mi na rio de la Di rec ción Ge ne ral de Inves ti ga ción Eco nó mi ca del Ban co de Mé xi co, así como a dos dic ta mi na do res anó ni mos de EL TRIMESTRE ECONÓMICO. El do cu men to fue en ri que ci do con la efi caz y de di ca da co la bo ra ción de Efrén Sá ma no y Dul ce Ma ría Espín do la. ex plí ci tos e im plí ci tos. Cuar to, la reac ción de los pre cios es sen si ble al ti po y di rección de las per tur ba cio nes que afec tan a ca da em pre sa. ABSTRACTThis pa per iden ti fies the ori gins and types of pri ce ri gi di ties that are pre sent in Me xican ma nu fac tu ring in dus tries. The re sults we re ob tai ned through a sur vey ca rried du ring the se cond se mes ter of 2005 with 398 par ti ci pa ting firms. The main fin dings may be sum ma ri zed as fo llows: First, on ave ra ge firms main tain their pri ces unchan ged for a pe riod clo se to six months. Se cond, the ma jo rity of firms re view their pri ce sche du les on a pre de ter mi ned pe riod of ti...
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