ABSTRACT.-It is widely accepted that tropical birds differ from temperate species in life-history traits and social behaviors, yet baseline ecological data are lacking for most tropical species and comparative studies often fail to control for phylogenetic influences. Within the Americas, the Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) is ideal for such comparisons because its subspecies encompass a range of life-history strategies; the subspecies include long-distance migrants, temperate-tropical migrants, and tropical residents. We collected baseline data on the breeding ecology of Mangrove Warblers (D. p. bryanti) from southern Mexico (2001Mexico ( -2003 and compared their life-history traits with those of temperate and other tropical subspecies using existing data. Mangrove Warblers actively defended territories year-round during both nonbreeding and breeding seasons. The timing of breeding varied by year, and clutch size averaged 2.9 + 0.5 [SD] eggs, with both a median and a mode of 3 eggs. Annual estimates of nesting success ranged from 18% to 33%, and nest depredation was the primary cause of nest failure. Annual survival was significantly higher for males (0.65) than for females (0.52) and, given our data, did not vary by age or year. On the basis of a comparative analysis of life-history data from published studies on the Yellow Warbler subspecies complex, we found that most life-history traits differed between tropical and temperate latitudes. Specifically, compared with temperate Yellow Warblers, Mangrove Warblers exhibited longer breeding seasons, smaller clutch sizes, longer incubation and nestling periods, lower nesting success, higher rates of nest depredation, and higher annual adult survival rates. Ecologia Reproductiva de Dendroica petechia bryanti y Comparacion de los Rasgos de Historia de Vida de las Subespecies del Complejo de Dendroica petechiaRESUMEN.-Las diferencias en los rasgos de historia de vida entre especies de aves tropicales y de zonas templadas es una notion ampliamente aceptada. No obstante, se carece de information biologica para la mayoria de especies de aves tropicales y los estudios comparatives con especies de zonas templadas frecuentemente omiten controlar las influencias filogeneticas. En el continente americano, Dendroica petechia es una especie ideal para comparaciones de este tipo ya que cuenta con subespecies migratorias que se reproducen en las zonas templadas y con poblaciones tropicales residentes. Estudiamos la biologia reproductiva de la subespecie tropical D. p. bryanti del sur de Mexico por tres ahos (2001)(2002)(2003), y comparamos los rasgos de historia de vida con los de poblaciones de Norte America y de otras subespecies tropicales. Encontramos que D. p. bryanti defiende territories durante todo el ano, que el inicio de la reproduction vario entre ahos y que el tamano promedio de la nidada fue de 2.9 + 0.5 (DE) huevos, con una mediana y moda de tres. Los estimados anuales del exito de anidacion estuvieron entre el 18% y el 33%, y la depredation fue la principal ca...
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Abstract∙ There is little information on the body condition of the Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) during migration. We measured biometric traits and body condition parameters of B. longicauda in central Mexico in 2016 and 2017. Mean morphometric values were 170.4 ± 4.3 mm (wing length), 28.9 ± 1.7 mm (bill length), 61.5 ± 2.2 mm (head length), and 55.3 ± 2.6 mm (tarsus length). Mean body condition parameters were 169.7 ± 24.1 g (body weight), and 4.6 ± 1.8 (fat score). Body condition values were higher during 2017 than 2016 (P < 0.05) but similar between sexes and sites. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was low compared to other studies, but was present in rectrices, tarsus, and wings. We found a negative correlation between wing FA and fat score, and a positive correlation between body weight and fat score, suggesting that birds with higher fat scores were in better condition during molt, leading to lower asymmetry. Our Data showed a 1:1.6 male:female ratio, similar across years and sites. Contrary to other studies, we found no significant sexual size dimorphism. Birds in our sample had higher body weight, tarsus, and wing length but were similar in head length to birds wintering in South America, but smaller than birds from Minnesota. We recommend carrying out further studies on stop-over sites to contribute to a better understanding of patterns on the functional ecology of the species. Resumen ∙ Condición corporal del Zarapito Ganga o Batitú (Bartramia longicauda) en ruta a través del centro de México Existe poca información sobre la condición corporal del Zarapito Ganga o Batitú (Bartramia longicauda) durante la migración. Medimos parámetros de condición corporal de B. longicauda en el centro de México en 2016 y 2017. Los valores morfométricos promedio fueron 170.4 ± 4.3 mm (ala), 28.9 ± 1.7 mm (culmen), 61.5 ± 2.2 mm (cabeza) y 55.3 ± 2.6 mm (tarso). Los parámetros promedio de condición corporal fueron 169.7 ± 24.1 g (peso corporal) y 4.6 ± 1.8 (grasa). Los valores de condición corporal fueron mayores durante 2017 que durante 2016 (P < 0.05), aunque similares entre sexos y sitios. La asimetría fluctuante (AF) fue baja comparada a otros estudios, aunque estuvo presente en rectrices, tarsos y alas. Encontramos una correlación negativa entre AF en alas y grasa, y una correlación positiva entre peso corporal y grasa, lo cual sugiere que las aves con mayores valores de grasa se encontraban en mejor condición durante la muda de plumaje, conduciendo a menor asimetría. Nuestros datos mostraron una tasa macho:hembra de 1:1.6, similar entre años y sitios. Contrario a otros estudios, no encontramos dimorfismo sexual significativo. Las aves en nuestra muestra tuvieron mayor peso corporal, tarso y longitud de ala, pero fueron similar en longitud de cabeza a aves de Sudamérica, pero menores a aves de Minnesota. Recomendamos llevar a cabo más estudios en sitios de escala para contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de los patrones en la ecología funcional de la especie.
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