Objective. The psychometric properties of four academic help-seeking scales measuring benefits, threats, emotional costs and avoidance of academic help-seeking in two samples of Argentinian university students were tested. Method. In phase one, a three correlated-factors measurement model (benefits, threats, emotional costs) and a one-factor model (avoidance) were evaluated. In phase two, two models where social academic self-efficacy (SAS), task value and achievement goals would predict the help-seeking constructs which, in turn, would predict shame in class were evaluated. Results. In phase one, the confirmatory factor analysis strongly supported the models, and all of the factor loadings were high. In phase two, on the one hand, SAS predicted benefits, threats and emotional costs. Moreover, threats and emotional costs predicted shame. Even more, SAS predicted shame via its effects on threats and emotional costs. On the other hand, SAS, task value, and performance-approach predicted avoidance. Moreover, avoidance and SAS had a direct effect on shame. The benefits, threats, emotional costs, and avoidance scales demonstrated adequate levels of internal consistency (α = 0.85, 0.72, 0.90, and 0.90). Conclusion. The scales are reliable, internally valid as demonstrated by the factor analyses, and externally valid in terms of relationships with motivational and emotional constructs.Keywords. Self-regulated learning, self-efficacy, achievement emotion, task value, achievement goals. Evaluación de amenazas, beneficios, costos emocionales y evitación de la búsqueda de ayuda académica en estudiantes universitarios argentinos ResumenObjetivo. Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de cuatro escalas de búsqueda de ayuda académica que miden beneficios, amenazas, costos emocionales y evitación de la búsqueda de ayuda académica en dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Método. En la fase uno se evaluó un modelo de medición con tres factores relacionados (beneficios, amenazas, costos emocionales) y un modelo unidimensional (evitación). En la fase dos se evaluaron dos modelos donde autoeficacia social académica (ASA), valor de la tarea y metas de logro predecirían los constructos de búsqueda de ayuda, los cuales predecirían la vergüenza en clase. Resultados. Los análisis factorial confirmatorios, realizados en la fase uno apoyaron los modelos, con elevadas cargas factoriales. En la fase dos, se encontró que ASA predijo beneficios, amenazas y costos emocionales. Adicionalmente, amenazas y costos emocionales predijeron vergüenza. Incluso, ASA predijo vergüenza, vía sus efectos en amenazas y costos emocionales. Por otro lado, ASA, valor de la tarea y aproximación-rendimiento predijeron evitación. Además, evitación y ASA tuvieron un efecto directo sobre vergüenza. Las escalas de beneficios, amenazas, costos emocionales y evitación demostraron niveles adecuados de consistencia interna (α = 0.85, 0.72, 0.90 y 0.90). Conclusión. Las escalas son confiables, válidas internamente como demostraron los análisis...

The psychometric properties of a Spanish adaptation of the AGQ-R (Elliot & Murayama, 2008) were tested in a sample of Argentinean university students (292). The hypothesized factor and dimensional structures of the measure were confirmed and shown to be superior to a host of alternatives. Each of the four achievement goal factors had a high degree of internal consistency. Effects of the four achievement goals scales on task value, social academic self-efficacy, enjoyment, shame, and academic performance, provided support to utility of the scales. The A-AGQ-R provides a measure that attested valid and reliable scores. Finally, these findings provide a validated version of the AGQ-R for its use in Argentinean university students. RESUMENSe evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de una adaptación al español del AGQ-R (Elliot & Murayama, 2008) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos (292). Se confirmaron las estructuras factoriales y dimensionales hipotetizadas, las cuales también demostraron ser superiores a otros modelos alternativos. Los valores de consistencia interna para cada escala fue elevada. Se obtuvo evidencias de la utilidad de las escalas al evaluar los efectos de las cuatro metas de logro sobre valor de la tarea, autoeficacia social académica, disfrute, vergüenza y rendimiento académico. De esta manera, el A-AGQ-R sería un instrumento con buenas propiedades de validez y confiabilidad. Finalmente, estos resultados brindan una versión validada del AGQ-R para su uso en estudiantes universitarios argentinos. .

Introduction: Academic social participation addresses student engagement behaviors that involve social interactions with peers and teachers. Objective: Perceived teacher behavior, task value, academic self-efficacy, class enjoyment and shame's role in predicting academic social participation was analyzed. Method: Psychology students from a large national university completed self-report questionnaires assessing the model variables. A proposed model was evaluated by path analysis. Results: Model showed good fit to the data, explaining 31% of variance. Positive influences were detected of perceived teacher behavior on task value (β = 0.42), academic self-efficacy (β = 0.19), and class enjoyment (β = 0.24); of task value on class enjoyment (β = 0.52); and of class enjoyment on academic social participation (β = 0.44). Academic self-efficacy negatively affected class shame (β = -0.38), while class shame (β = -0.44) and task value (β = -0.24) showed a negative influence on academic social participation. Conclusion: Utility of modifying teacher behavior and motivation as a means to affect emotion was demonstrated. Class enjoyment and shame were the stronger predictors of academic social participation. Individual variables' importance in moderating contextual influence on engagement was suggested.

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