Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata rootstock are used to prevent infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon production; however, this rootstock is not effective against nematode attack. Because of their vigor, the grafted plants can be planted at lower plant densities than the non-grafted plants. The tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita was assessed in watermelon plants grafted onto a hybrid of Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta or the Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata cv Super Shintoza rootstocks. The densities of plants were 2083 and 4166 plants ha -1 . Non-grafted watermelons were the controls. The Crunchy Red and Sangría watermelon cultivars were used as the scions, it the latter as a pollinator. The experiments were performed for two production cycles in soils infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita. The incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was significantly greater in the non-grafted than in the grafted plants.The grafted plants presented similar resistance to Fusarium regardless of the rootstock. The root-knot galling index for Meloidogyne incognita was significantly lower in plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta than onto the other rootstock. The yields of plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta grown at both plant densities were significantly higher than in the other treatments.Index terms: Citrullus lanatus; grafting; triploid; Fusarium oxysporum; root-knot nematodes. RESUMOA enxertia de Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata tem sido usada para prevenir problemas com Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum na produção de melancia embora não seja efetivo contra ataque de nematóides. Em razão de seu vigor, plantas enxertadas podem ser plantadas em densidade mais baixa do que as plantas não enxertadas. A tolerância a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum e Meloidogyne incognita foi avaliada em plantas de melancia enxertadas em híbridos de Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta e em Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata cv Super Shintoza. Foram usadas densidades de plantas de 2.083 e 4.166 plantas ha -1 . Como testemunhas usou-se plantas não enxertadas. Os cultivares de melancia Crocantes vermelhas e Sangria foram usados como polinizador. O experimento foi realizado em dois ciclos, sendo instalado em solo infestado com Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum e Meloidogyne incognita. A incidência de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum foi, significativamente, maior em plantas não enxertadas. Plantas enxertadas apresentaram resistência semelhante ao Fusarium independentemente do porta-enxerto. O índice de galhas de Meloidogyne incognita foi significativamente menor em plantas enxertadas em Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta. As maiores diferenças significativas em relação aos demais tratamentos foram observadas em ambas as densidades de plantas enxertadas pela produtividade das plantas enxertadas em Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta.Termos para indexação: Citrullus lanatus; enxertia; triplóides; Fusarium oxysporum; nematóides d...
RESUMEN:México conserva gran diversidad de parientes silvestres de plantas cultivadas; por ejemplo, diferentes especies de solanáceas, cucurbitáceas y caricáceas. En esta última, los géneros Carica y Jacaratia son los más notables por la similitud de los frutos, pero aun pobremente estudiados. Estas poblaciones desarrollan bajo presión edafo-climática y fitosanitaria. Dado el interés de aprovechar estos materiales, el objetivo fue identificar, colectar y caracterizar germoplasma de C. papaya y J. mexicana. Se identificaron poblaciones en cuatro estados de México, los sitios fueron caracterizados y en las poblaciones se colectaron frutos. Se registró tamaño, peso y número de semillas, y germinación. Los datos se analizaron por estadísticas descriptivas, análisis de varianza y comparación de medias, la germinación fue porcentual. Además, se realizó un análisis multivariado. Se localizaron 10 poblaciones, en altitudes menores a 900 m s.n.m., en climas cálido subhúmedo y semiseco. Se distinguieron frutos pequeños que correspondieron a poblaciones de papaya silvestre y frutos grandes, estos últimos superaron en más de 100% en tamaño con respecto a los frutos pequeños. Los bonetes difieren estructuralmente por las costillas, pero su dimensión es cercana a las poblaciones de papaya semicultivada. La germinación rondó del 28.2% al 68.8% y ocho de 10 poblaciones germinó a los 12 días. Se concluye, el germoplasma de las poblaciones silvestres presentó similitud en las medias registradas, a diferencia del germoplasma de las poblaciones semicultivadas, que orienta a prever que se encuentran en proceso de domesticación. La germinación porcentualmente fue baja y varió en el tiempo de observación. El análisis multivariado permitió clasificar tres grupos conjugados y uno independiente. ABSTRACT: Mexico conserves a great diversity of wild relatives of cultivated plants;for example, different Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Caricaceae species families. In the latter, the Carica and Jacaratia genus are the most notable for the similarity of the fruits, but still poorly studied. These populations develop under edapho-climatic and phytosanitary pressure. Due to the interest to take advantage of these materials, the objective was to identify, collect and characterize C. papaya and J. mexicana germplasm. Populations were identified in four Mexican states, sites were characterized and fruits were collected in the populations. Size, weight and number of Álvarez-Hernández, J.C.; J. Z. Castellanos-Ramos, y C.L. Aguirre-Mancilla EXPLORACIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE POBLACIONES DE Carica papaya Y Jacaratia mexicana:45 seeds were registered, and germination. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and comparison of means, germination was percentage. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was performed. Ten populations were located, at altitudes lower than 900 meters above sea level, in subhumid and semi-dry warm climates. Small fruits were distinguished that correspond to populations of wild papaya and large fruits, the la...
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